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SWEET’S

ANGLO-SAXON PRIMER

CONCISE  DICTIONARY

BY

HENRY SWEET, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D.

Eighth Edition, Revised

A

Ā, av. ever, always.

abbod, sm. abbot [Latin abbatem].

ā-·bēodan, sv. 7, w. dat. (offer), announce.

ā-·biddan, sv. 5, ask for, demand.

ā-·bītan, sv. 6, devour.

ā-·blęndan, wv. blind [blind].

ā-·brecan, sv. 4, break into, take (city).

ā-·būgan, sv. 7, bend; swerve, turn.

ac, cj. but.

ā-·cęnnan, wv. bring forth, bear (child).

ā-·cwęllan, wv. kill.

ā-·cwęnċan, wv. extinguish.

ā-·drūgian, wv. dry up, intr. [drȳġe].

ā-·dwǣsċan, wv. extinguish.

æcer, sm. field.

æþele, aj. noble, excellent.

æþeling, sm. prince.

ǣfen, sm. evening.

ǣfre, av. ever, always.

æfter, av., prep. w. dat. after—æfter þǣem, after that, afterwards; according to, by.

ǣġ-hwelc, prn. each.

ǣġþer, prn. either, each—cj. ǣġþer ġe … ġe, both … and [ = ǣġ hwæþer].

ǣht, sf. property [āhte, āgan].

ǣlan, wv. burn.

ǣlċ, aj. each.

ælmesse, sf. alms, charity [Greek eleēmosúnē].

æl-mihti[g.], aj. almighty.

ǣniġ, aj. any [ān].

ǣr, prep. w. dat. before (of time), ǣr þǣm þe, cj. before.

ǣr, av. formerly, before; superl. ǣrest, adj. and adv., first.

ærċe-biscop, sm. archbishop [Latin archiepiscopus].

ǣrende, sn. errand, message.

{98}

ǣrend-raca, sm. messenger.

ǣ-rist, sfm. (rising again), resurrection [ārīsan].

ǣrne-mergen, sm. early morning.

æsc, sm. (ash-tree); war-ship.

æt, prp. w. dat. at; deprivation, from; origin, source—ābǣdon wīf æt him, ‘asked for wives from them;’ specification, defining—wurdon æt sprǣċe, ‘fell into conversation.’

æt-·breġdan, sv. 3 (snatch away), deprive of.

æt-·foran, prp. w. dat. before.

æt-·gædre, av. together.

æt-īewan, wv. w. dat. show.

ǣton, see etan.

ā-·fandian, wv. experience, find out [findan].

ā-·faran, sv. 2, go away, depart.

ā-·feallan, sv. 1, fall.

ā-·fēdan, wv. feed.

ā-·fȳlan, wv. defile [fūl].

ā-fyrht, aj. frightened [past partic. of ā·fyrhtan from forht].

āgan, swv. possess.

ā-·gān, sv. happen.

āgen, aj. own [originally past partic. of āgan].

ā-·ġiefan, sv. 5, w. dat. give, render.

āh, see āgan.

ā-·hębban, sv. 2, raise, exalt.

ā-·hieldan, wv. incline.

ā-·hōn, sv. 1, hang, trans.

ā-·hrēosan, sv. 7, fall.

āhte, see āgan.

ā-hwǣr, av. anywhere.

ā-·hȳran, wv. hire.

ā-·līesan, wv. (loosen), release; redeem [lēas].

ā-·līesed-nes, sf. redemption.

ā-līesend, sm. redeemer.

ān, aj. one (always strong); a certain one, certain; alone (generally weak); gen. pl. ānra in ānra ge-hwelċ, ‘each one.’

ān-cęnned, aj. (past partic.) (only-born), only (child).

and, cj. and.

and-bīdian, wv. w. gen. wait, expect [bīdan].

andet-nes, sf. confession.

andettan, wv. confess.

and-ġiet, sn. sense, meaning; understanding, intelligence.

and-swarian, wv. w. dat. answer [andswaru].

and-swaru, sf. answer [swęrian].

and-weard, aj. present.

and-wyrdan, wv. w. dat. answer [word].

Angel, sm. Anglen (a district in Slesvig).

Angel-cynn, sn. English nation, England.

ā-·niman, sv. 4, take away.

ān-lǣċan, wv. unite.

ān-mōd, aj. unanimous.

ān-mōd-līce, av. unanimously.

ān-rǣd, aj. (of one counsel) constant, firm, resolute.

apostol, sm. apostle.

ār, sf. mercy; honour.

ā-·rǣran, wv. raise, build [ārīsan].

ārian, wv. w. dat. honour; spare, have mercy on [ār].

ā-·rīsan, sv. 6, arise.

ār-lēas, aj. wicked.

arn, see iernan.

arod, aj. quick, bold.

arod-līce, av. quickly, readily, boldly.

ār-weorþ, adj. worthy of honour, venerable.

āscian, wv. ask.

ā-·scūfan, sv. 7, thrust.

ā-·sęndan, wv. send.

ā-·sęttan, wv. set, place.

ā-·smēan, wv. consider, think of, conceive.

assa, sm. ass.

ā-·stęllan, wv. institute.

ā-·stīgan, sv. 6, ascend, descend.

ā-·stręċċan, wv. stretch out, extend.

ā-·styrian, wv. stir, move.

ā-·tēon, sv. 7, draw out, draw, take.

atol-lic, aj. deformed.

ā-·þrēotan, sv. 7, fail, run short.

{99}

ā-·węċċan, wv. awake, arouse [wacian].

ā-·wēdan, wv. go mad [wōd].

ā-·węndan, wv. turn; translate.

ā-·weorpan, sv. 3, throw, throw away; depose (king).

ā-·wēstan, wv. lay waste, ravage.

ā-·wierġed, aj. cursed, accursed, [past. partic. of āwierġan, from wearg].

ā-wiht, prn. aught, anything.

ā-·wrītan, sv. 6, write.

ā-·wyrtwalian, wv. root up.

B

Bæc, sn. back—under bæc, behind.

bæd, see biddan.

bǣdon, see biddan.

bærnan, wv. burn, trans. [beornan].

bærnett, sn. burning.

bǣron, see beran.

bæst, sm. bast.

bæsten, aj. of bast.

be, prep. w. dat. by; about, concerning.

beald, aj. bold.

bearn, sn. child [beran].

bēatan, sv. 1, beat.

be-·bēodan, sv. 7, w. dat. bid, command.

be-·byrġan, wv. bury.

bēċ, see bōc.

be-·clyppan, wv. embrace, encompass, hold.

be-·cuman, sv. 4, come.

ġe·bed, sn. prayer [biddan].

be-·dǣlan, wv. w. gen. deprive of [dǣl].

będd, sn. bed.

be-·delfan, sv. 3; (hide by digging), bury.

ġe·bed-hūs, sn. oratory, chapel.

be-·fæstan, wv. (make fast); w. dat. commit, entrust to.

be-·foran, prp. w. dat. before.

bēġen, prn. both.

be-·ġeondan, prp. w. acc. beyond.

be-·ġietan, sv. 5, get, obtain.

be-·ġinnan, sv. 3, begin.

be-·hātan, sv. 1, w. dat. promise.

be-·hēafdian, wv. behead [hēafod].

be-·healdan, sv. 1, behold.

be-·hōfian, wv. w. gen. require.

be-·hrēowsian, wv. repent [hrēowan].

be-·hȳdan, wv. hide.

be-·lǣwan, wv. betray.

be-·līefan, wv. believe.

be-·līfan, sv. 6, remain [lāf].

be-·lūcan, sv. 7, lock, close.

bęnd, smfn. bond [bindan].

bēodan, sv. 7, w. dat. offer.

bēon, v. be—bēon ymbe, have to do with.

beorg, sm. hill, mountain.

ġebeorgan, sv. 3, w. dat. save, protect.

beornan, sv. 3, burn, intrans.

bēot-lic, aj. boastful.

be-·pǣċan, wv. deceive.

beran, sv. 4, bear, carry; (ġeberan, bring forth).

bęrn, sn. barn.

berstan, sv. 3, burst.

be-·sārgian, wv. lament [sāriġ].

be-·sċieran, sv. 4, shear, cut hair.

be-·sēon, sv. 5, see, look.

be-·sęttan, wv. set about, surround, cover.

be-·stealcian, wv. go stealthily, steal.

be-·swīcan, sv. 6, deceive, circumvent, betray.

be-·tǣċan, wv. commit, entrust, give up.

bętera, bętst, see gōd.

be·twēonan, prp. w. dat. between, among.

be-·twix, prep. w. acc. and dat. between, among; of time, during—betwix þǣm þe, cj. while.

be-·węrian, wv. defend.

be-·witan, swv. watch over, have charge of.

bīdan, sv. 6, wait.

biddan, sv. 5, ask, beg.

ġe·biddan, sv. 5, refl. pray.

{100}

bieldo, sf. (boldness), arrogance [beald].

bī-gęng, sm. worship [bi, by, and gęnġ from gān].

bile-wīt, aj. simple, innocent.

bindan, sv. 3, bind.

binnan, av. inside; prp. w. dat. within, in [ = be-innan].

biscop, sm. bishop [Latin episcopus].

bi-smer, snm. insult, ignominy.

bismer-full, aj. ignominious, shameful.

bismerian, wv. treat with ignominy, insult [bismer].

bītan, sv. 6, bite.

biþ, see bēon.

blāwan, sv. 1, blow.

bleoh, sn. colour.

blēow, see blāwan.

blētsian, wv. bless.

blind, aj. blind.

bliss, sf. merriment, joy.

blissian, wv. rejoice.

blīþe, aj. glad, merry.

blīþe-līce, av. gladly.

blōd, sn. blood.

bōc, sf. book, scripture.

Bōc-læden, sn. book Latin, Latin.

bodian, wv. announce, preach [bēodan].

bodiġ, sm. body.

bohte, see byċġan.

brād, aj. broad.

brǣþ, sm. vapour, odour.

brecan, sv. 4, break; take (city).

breġdan, sv. 3, pull.

brēmel, sm. bramble.

Breten, sf. Britain.

Brettas, smpl. the British.

Brettisc, aj. British [Brettas].

bringan, wv. bring.

brōhte, see bringan.

brōþor, sm. brother.

brūcan, sv. 7, w. gen. enjoy, partake of.

brȳd, sf. bride.

brȳd-guma, sm. bridegroom [literally bride-man].

būan, wv. dwell.

būend, smpl. dwellers [pres. partic. of būan].

bufan, prp. w. dat. and acc. over, above, on.

būgan, sv. 7, bend, incline.

bundon, see bindan.

burg, sf. city.

burg-ġeat, sn. city-gate.

būtan, av. outsīde; prp. w. dat. without, except, besides [ = be-ūtan].

būtan, cj. unless, except.

byċġan, wv. buy.

byrþen, sf. burden [beran].

byrġen, sf. tomb [bebyrġan].

ġebyrian, wf. be due, befit.

byriġ, see burg.

byrst, sf. bristle.

ġe·bȳsnian, wv. give example, illustrate.

ġe·bȳsnung, sf. example.

C

Cann, see cunnan.

canōn, sm. canon; canōnes bēc, canonical books.

Cantwara-burg, sf. Canterbury [Cantwara, gen. of Cantware].

Cant-ware, pl. Kent-dwellers, men of Kent [Lat. Cantia and ware].

cāsere, sm. emperor [Latin Caesar].

ċeaflas, smpl. jaws.

ċeald, aj. cold.

ċealf, sn. calf.

ċēap, sn. purchase.

ċēas, see ċēosan.

ċeaster, sf. city [Latin castra].

cēne, aj. brave, bold.

cęnnan, wv. bring forth, bear child.

Cęnt, sf. Kent [Cantia].

Cęnt-land, sn. Kent.

ċeorfan, sv. 3, cut.

ċēosan, sv. 7, choose.

cēpan, wv. w. gen. attend, look out for.

ċīepan, wv. trade, sell [ċēap].

ċīepend, sm. seller [pres. partic. of ċīepan].

ċierr, sm. turn.

{101}

ċierran, wv. turn, return, go—ċierran tō, take to.

ġe·ċierred-nes, sf. conversion.

ċild, sn. child.

ċild-hād, sm. childhood.

ċinn-bān, sn. jawbone.

ċiriċe, sf. church.

clǣne, aj. clean, pure.

clawu, sf. claw.

clipian, wv. call, summon.

clipung, sf. calling.

clyppan, wv. clip, embrace.

cnapa, sm. (boy, youth), servant.

cnoll, sm. top, summit.

coccel, sm. corn-cockle.

cōm, see cuman.

coren, see ċēosan.

cræft, sm. skill, cunning.

crīsten, aj. Christian.

cuma, sm. stranger [cuman].

cuman, sv. 4, come; cuman ūp, land.

cunnan, swv. know.

cunnian, wv. try [cunnan].

curon, see ċēosan.

cūþ, aj. known [originally past partic. of cunnan].

cwǣdon, see cweþan.

cwaeþ, see cweþan.

cweartern, sn. prison.

cwēman, wv. please, gratify.

ġe·cwēmednes, sf. pleasing.

cwēn, sf. queen.

cweþan, sv. 5, say, speak; name, call.

cwic, aj. alive.

cwide, sm. speech, address [cweþan].

ġecwīd-rǣden, sf. agreement.

cwiþþ, see cweþan.

cymþ, see cuman.

cyne-cynn, sn. royal family.

cyne-līc, aj. royal.

cyne-līce, av. like a king, royally.

cyne-stōl, sm. throne.

cyning, sm. king.

cynn, sn. race, kind.

cyst, sf. excellence [ċēosan].

cystiġ, aj. (excellent), charitable.

cȳþan, wv. make known, tell [cūþ].

D

Dǣd, sf. deed.

dæġ, sm. day.

dæġ-hwǣm-līce, av. daily.

dǣl, sm. part—be healfum dǣle, by half.

dǣlan, wv. divide, share.

dēad, aj. dead.

dēaþ, sm. death.

Defena-sċīr, sf. Devonshire [Devonia].

dehter, see dohtor.

ġedelf, sn. digging.

delfan, sv. 3, dig.

Dęne, smpl. Danes.

Dęnisc, aj. Danish.

dēofol, sum. devil [Latin diabolus].

dēofol-ġield, sn. idol.

dēop, aj. deep.

dēor, sn. wild beast.

dēore, aj. dear, precious.

dēor-wierþe, aj. precious.

dīegol, aj. hidden, secret.

dīegol-nes, sf. secret.

dīepe, sf. depth [dēop].

dihtan, wv. appoint [Latin dictare].

disc-þeġn, sm. (dish-thane), waiter.

dohtor, sf. daughter.

dōm, sm. doom, judgment, sentence.

dōn, sv. do, act.

dorste, see durran.

draca, sm. dragon.

dranc, see drincan.

drēoriġ, aj. sad.

drīfan, sv. 6, drive.

drinca, sm. drink.

drincan, sv. 3, drink.

drohtnian, wv. live, continue, behave.

drohtnung, sf. conduct.

drȳġe, aj. dry.

Dryhten, sm. Lord,

dūn, sf. hill, down.

durran, swv. dare.

duru, sf. door.

dūst, sn. dust.

ġe·dwyld, sn. error.

dyde, see dōn.

dyppan, wv. dip.

dysiġ, aj. foolish.

{102}

E

Ēac, av. also; ēac swelce, also.

ēacnian, wv. increase.

ēadiġ, aj. (prosperous), blessed.

ēage, sn. eye.

ēag-þȳrel, sn. (eye-hole), window.

eahta, num. eight.

ēa-lā, interj. oh!

eald, aj. old—cp. ieldra.

Eald-seaxe, smpl. Old Saxons.

ealdor, sm. chief, master.

ealdor-mann, sm. chief, officer.

eall, aj. all.

eall, av. quite ; eall swā miċel swā, (quite) as much as.

eall-nīwe, aj. quite new.

eallunga, av. entirely.

ealu, sn. ale.

eard, sm. country, native land.

eardian, wv. dwell.

ēare, sn. ear.

earm, sm. arm.

earm, aj. poor, wretched, despicable.

earm-lic, aj. miserable.

earm-līce, av. miserably, wretchedly.

earn, sm. eagle.

eart, see wesan.

ēast, av. eastwards.

ēast-dǣl, sm. east part, the East.

Ēast-ęnġle, smpl. East-Anglians.

Ēast-seaxe, smpl. East-Saxons.

ēaþe-lic, aj. insignificant, weak.

ēaþ-mēdan, wv. humble [ēaþmōd].

ēaþ-mōd, aj. humble.

ēċe, aj. eternal.

ēċ-nes, sf. eternity.

efen, aj. even.

ġe·efen-lǣċan, wv. imitate.

efne, av. behold, lo! [efen].

ęfsian, wv. clip, shear.

eft, av. again; afterwards, then; back.

ęġe, sm. fear.

ęġesa, sm. fear [eġe].

ęġes-lic, aj. fearful, awful.

ēhtere, sm. persecutor.

ele, sm. oil.

ęl-þēodiġ-nes, sf. foreign land.

ęnde, sm. end.

ęndemes, av. together.

ġe·ęndian, wv. end; die.

ęndlufon, num. eleven.

ęndlyfta, aj. eleventh.

ġe·ęndung, sf. ending, end.

ęnġel, sm. angel [Latin angelus].

Ęnġla-land, sn. England [Ęnġla gen. pl. of Ęnġle].

Ęnġle, smpl. the English [Angel].

Ęnġlisc, aj. English—sn. English language [Ęnġle].

ēode, see gān.

eom, see wesan.

eorl, sm. earl.

eorþ-būend, sm. earth-dweller.

eorþe, sf. earth.

eorþ-fæst, aj. firm in the earth.

eorþ-lic, aj. earthly.

eornost, sf. earnest.

eornost-līce, av. in truth, indeed.

ēow, see þū.

etan, sv. 5, eat.

ēþel, sm. country, native land.

F

Fæder, sm. father.

fæġen, aj. glad.

fæġer, aj. fair.

fæġer-nes, sf. fairness, beauty.

fæġnian, wv. w. gen. rejoice.

fǣmne, sf. virgin.

fǣr, sf. danger.

fǣr-lic, aj. sudden.

fǣr-līce, av. suddenly.

fæst, aj. fast, firm.

fæstan, wv. fast.

fæsten, sf. fasting.

fæt, sn. vessel.

fāg-nes, sf. variegation, various colours.

fandian, wv. w. gen. try, test, tempt [findan].

faran, sv. 2, go.

faru, sf. procession, retinue, pomp.

fēa, aj. pl. few.

ġe·fēa, sm. joy.

feallan, sv. 1, fall.

fearr, sm. bull; ox.

feax, sn. hair of head.

{103}

fēdan, wv. feed [fōda].

fela, aj. pl. w. gen. many.

feld, sm. field.

feoh, sn. money, property.

ġe·feoht, sn. fight.

feohtan, sv. 3, fight.

fēole, sf. file.

fēolian, wv. file.

fēoll, see feallan.

fēond, sm. enemy.

feorh, snm. life.

feorm, sf. (food); feast, banquet.

feorr, av. far.

fēorþa, num. fourth.

fēower, num. four.

ġe·fēra, sm. companion [fōr].

fēran, wv. go, fare [fōr].

ġe·fēran, wv. (go over), take possession of.

fęrian, wv. carry [faran].

fēt, see fōt.

fętian, wv. fetch—pret. ġefętte.

ġe·fętte, see fętian.

fīend, see fēond.

fierd, sf. army [faran].

fierlen, aj. distant [feorr].

fierst, sm. period, time.

fīf, num. five.

findan, sv. 3 (pret. funde), find.

fisc, sm. fish.

fisc-cynn, sn. fish-kind.

flēam, sm. flight [flēon].

fleax, sn. flax.

flēogan, sv. 7, fly.

flēon, sv. 7, flee.

flēotan, sv. 7, float.

flītan, sv. 6, quarrel, dispute.

ġe·flīeman, wv. put to flight [flēam].

flōd, sm. flood.

flota, sm. fleet [flēotan].

flot-hęre, sm. naval army, army of pirates.

flot-mann, sm. sailor, pirate.

flōwan, sv. 1, flow.

flugon, see flēon.

flyht, sm. flight [flēogan].

fōda, sm. food.

folc, sn. people, nation.

folc-lic, aj. popular.

folgian, wv. w. dat. follow; obey.

fōn, sv. 1, seize, take, capture; fēng tō rīċe, came to the throne; tōgædre fēngon, joined together.

for, prep. w. dat. before—rīċe for worulde, in the eyes of the world; causal, for, because of, for the sake of—ne dorste for Gode, for the fear of God—for þǣm, therefore, for þǣem (þe), because; w. acc., instead of, for.

fōr, sf. journey [faran].

fōr, see faran.

for-·bærnan, wv. burn up, burn, trans.

for-·bēodan, sv. 7, forbid.

for-·brēotan, sv. 7, break.

for-·ċeorfan, sv. 3, cut off.

for-·dilgian, wv. destroy.

for-·dōn, sv. destroy.

for-·ealdod, aj. aged [past partic. of forealdian, grow old].

fore-sċēawian, wv. pre-ordain, decree, appoint.

fore-sęċġan, wv. say before—se foresæġda, the aforesaid.

for-·ġiefan, sv. 5, w. dat. give, grant; forgive.

for-·ġief-nes, sf. forgiveness.

for-·ġīeman, wv. neglect.

for-·ġietan, sv. forget.

forht, aj. afraid.

forhtian, wv. be afraid.

for-·hwega, av. somewhere.

for-·lǣtan, sv. 1, leave, abandon.

for-·lēosan, sv. 7, lose.

for-·liġer, sn. wantonness, immorality.

forma, aj. first—superl. fyrmest, first.

for-·molsnian, wv. crumble, decay.

for-·scrincan, sv. 3, shrink up.

for-sēon, sv. 5, despise.

for-·slēan, sv. 2, cut through.

for-·standan, sv. 2, (stand before), protect.

forþ, av. forth, forwards, on.

forþ-·fēran, wv. depart, die.

for-·þrysman, wv. suffocate, choke.

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for-·weorþan, sv. 3, perish.

fōt, sm. foot.

frætwian, wv. adorn.

frætwung, sf. ornament.

fram, prep. w. dat. from; agent. w. pass. hīe wǣron fram Wyrtġeorne ġelaþode, invited by.

fręmman, wv. perform, do.

frēond, sm. friend.

friþ, sm. peace—friþ niman, make peace.

fugol, sm. bird.

fuhton, see feohtan.

fūl, aj. foul, impure.

full, aj. full.

full-·blīþe, aj. very glad.

full-·cēne, aj. very brave.

ful-līce, av. fully.

full-·sōþ, aj. very true.

fultum, sm. help; forces, troops.

fultumian, wv. w. dat. help.

funde, see findan.

furþor, av. further, more [forþ].

fūs, aj. hastening.

fyllan, wv. fill, fulfil [full].

fȳr, sn. fire.

fyrmest, see forma.

G

Gadrian, wv. gather.

gærs, sn. grass.

gafeloc, sm. missile, spear.

gafol, sn. interest, profit.

gamen, sn. sport.

gān, sv. go.

ġe·gān, sv. gain, conquer.

gangende, see gān.

gāst, sm. spirit; se hālga gāst, the Holy Ghost.

gāst-lic, aj. spiritual.

ġe, cj. and—ġe … ġe, both … and.

ġē, see þū.

ġealga, sm. gallows.

ġēar, sn. year.

ġearcian, wv. prepare [ġearo].

ġeard, sm. yard, court.

ġearu, aj. ready.

ġearwian, wv. prepare.

ġeat, sn. gate.

ġēoguþ, sf. youth.

ġēomrung, sf. lamentation.

ġeond, prp. w. acc. through, throughout.

ġēong, aj. young.

ġeorn, aj. eager.

ġeorne, av. eagerly, earnestly.

ġiefan, sv. 5, give.

ġiefta, sfpl. marriage, wedding [ġiefan].

ġieft-hūs, sn. wedding-hall.

ġieft-lic, aj. wedding.

ġiefu, sf. gift; grace (of God) [ġiefan].

ġierla, sm. dress [ġearu].

ġiernan, wv. w. gen. yearn, desire; ask [ġeorn].

ġiet, av. yet; further, besides.

ġif, cj. if.

ġimm, sm. gem, jewel [Latin gemma].

ġimm-stān, sm. gem, jewel.

ġit, see þū.

ġītsian, wv. covet.

ġītsung, sf. covetousness, avarice.

glæd, aj. glad.

glæd-līce, av. gladly.

glēaw, aj. prudent, wise.

glęnġan, wv. adorn; trim (lamp).

god, sm. God.

god-fæder, sm. godfather.

god-spell, sn. gospel.

godspel-lic, aj. evangelical.

gōd, aj. good—compar. bętera. superl. bętst.

gōd, sn. good thing, good.

gold, sn. gold.

gold-hord, sn. treasure.

grǣdiġ. aj. greedy.

grǣġ, aj. grey.

grētan, wv. greet, salute.

grindan, sv. 3, grind.

grīst-bītung, sf. gnashing of teeth.

grymetian, wv. grunt, roar.

gyldan, wv. gild [gold].

gylden, aj. golden [gold].

H

Habban, wv. have; take.

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hād, sm. rank, condition.

ġe·hādod, aj. ordained, in orders, clerical [past partic. of hādian, ordain].

hæfde, hæfþ, see habban.

hæftan, wv. hold fast, hold [habban].

hǣlan, wv. heal [hāl].

hǣlend, sm. Saviour [pres. partic. of hǣlan].

hǣlo, sf. salvation [hāl].

hǣs, sf. command.

hæspe, sf. hasp.

hǣte, sf. heat [hāt].

hǣþ, sf. heath.

hǣþen, aj. heathen [hǣþ].

hāl, aj. whole, sound.

ġe·hāl, aj. whole, uninjured.

hālga, sm. saint.

hālġian, wv. hallow, consecrate.

hāliġ, aj. holy.

hāliġ-dōm, sm. holy object, relic.

hām, av. homewards, home.

hand, sf. hand.

hand-cweorn, sf. hand-mill.

hangian, wv. hang, intr. [hōn].

hāt, aj. hot.

hātan, sv. 1, command, ask—w. inf. in passive sense, hēton him sęċġan, bade them be told ; name—passive, hātte.

hatian, wv. hate.

hātte, see hātan.

hē, prn. he.

hēafod, sn. head.

hēafod-mann, sm. head-man, ruler, chief.

hēah, aj. high—superl. hīehst.

healdan, sv. 1, hold, keep; guard; preserve; observe, keep.

healf, aj. half.

healf, sf. side.

hēa-lic, aj. lofty [hēah].

heall, sf. hall.

heard, aj. hard ; strong; severe.

hębban, sv. 2, raise.

hęfel-þrǣd, sm. web-thread, thread.

hęfe, sm. weight [hębban].

hęfiġ, aj. heavy [hęfe].

hęll, sf. hell.

ġe·hęnde, aj. w. dat. near [hand].

hēo, see hē.

heofon, sm. heaven—often in plur., heofona rīċe.

heofon-lic, aj. heavenly.

hēold, see healdan.

heord, sf. herd.

heorte, sf. heart.

hēr, av. here; hither—hēr·æfter, &c., hereafter.

hēr-be-·ēastan, av. east of this.

hęre, sm. army.

hęre-rēaf, sn. spoil.

hęre-toga, sm. army-leader, general, chief [toga from tēon].

hęrgian, wv. ravage, make war [hęre].

hęrgung, sf. (ravaging), warfare, war.

hęrian, wv. praise.

hēt, see hātan.

hider, av. hither.

hīe, see hē.

hīehst, see hēah.

hiera, see hē.

ġe·hīeran, wv. hear.

hierde, sm. shepherd [heord].

hierd-rǣden, sf. guardianship.

hiere, see hē.

ġe·hīer-sum, aj. w. dat. obedient [hīeran].

ġe·hīersum-nes, sf. obedience.

him, hine, see hē.

hīred, snm. family, household.

his, see hē.

hit, see hē.

hīw, sn. hue, form.

hlǣdder, sf. ladder.

hlæst, sm. load.

hlāf, sm. bread, loaf of bread.

hlāford, sm. lord.

hlīsa, sm. fame.

hlūd, aj. loud.

hlȳdan, wv. make a noise, shout [hlūd].

hnappian, wv. doze.

ġe·hoferod, aj. (past partic.), hump-backed.

holt, sn. wood.

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hōn, sv. 1, hang [hangian].

horn, sm. horn.

hræd-līce, av. quickly.

hrædung, sf. hurry.

hraþe, av. quickly—swā hraþe swā, as soon as.

hrēod, sn. reed.

hrēowan, sv. 7, rue, repent.

hrīeman, wv. cry, call.

hrīþer, sn. ox.

hrōf, sn. roof.

hryċġ, sm. back.

hryre, sm. fall [hrēosan].

hū, av. how.

hū-meta, av. how.

hund, sn. w. gen. hundred.

hund, sm. dog.

hund-feald, aj. hundredfold.

hund-·nigontiġ, num. ninety.

hund-·twęlftiġ, num. hundred and twenty.

hungor, sm. hunger; famine.

hungriġ, aj. hungry.

hūru, av. especially.

hūs, sn. house.

hux-līce, av. ignominiously.

hwā, prn. who.

ġe·hwā, prn. every one.

hwǣm, see hwā.

hwǣr, av. where—swā hwǣr swā, wherever.

ġe·hwǣr, av. everywhere.

hwæs, hwæt, see hwā.

hwæt, interj. what! lo! well.

hwǣte, sm. wheat.

hwæþer, av. cj. whether—hwæþer þe, to introduce a direct question.

hwæþre, av. however.

hwanon, av. whence.

hwelċ, prn. which; any one, any—swā hwelċ swā, whoever.

ġe·hwelċ, prn. any, any one.

hwīl, sf. while, time.

hwone, see hwā.

hwonne, av. when.

hwȳ, av. why.

hȳdan, wv. hide.

hyht, sf. hope.

ġe·hyhtan, wv. hope.

hȳran, wv. hire.

I

Iċ, prn. I.

īdel, aj. idle; useless, vain—on īdel, in vain.

īeġ-land, sn. island.

ieldan, wv. delay [eald].

ieldra, see eald.

ieldran, smpl. ancestors [originally compar. of eald].

iernan, sv. 3, run; flow.

ierre, aj. angry.

īl, sm. hedgehog.

ilca, prn. same (always weak, and with the definite article).

in, prp. w. dat. and acc. in, into.

inc, see þū.

inn, av. in (of motion).

innan, prp. w. dat. (av.) within.

inne, av. within, inside.

inn-ġehyġd, sn. inner thoughts, mind.

in-tō, prp. w. dat. into.

Īotan, smpl. Jutes.

Īr-land, sn. Ireland.

Iūdēisc, aj. Jewish—þā Iūdēiscan, the Jews.

L

Lā, interj. lo!—lā lēof! Sir!

lāc, sn. gift; offering, sacrifice.

ġe·lǣċan, wv. seize.

lǣdan, wv. lead; carry, bring, take.

læden, sn. Latin; language.

læġ, see liċġan.

lǣran, wv. w. double acc. teach; advise, suggest [lār].

ġe·lǣred, aj. learned [past partic. of lǣran].

lǣs, av. less—þȳ lǣs (þe), cj. w. subj. lest.

lǣtan, sv. 1, let; leave—hēo lēt þā swā, she let the matter rest there.

ġe·lǣte, sn.—wega ġelǣtu, pl. meetings of the roads.

lāf, sf. remains—tō lāfe bēon, remain over, be left [(be)līfan].

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ġe·lamp, see ġelimpan.

land, sn. land, country.

land-folc, sn. people of the country.

land-hęre, sm. land-army.

land-lēode, smpl. people of the country.

lang, aj. long.

lange, av. for a long time, long.

lang-līce, av. for a long time, long.

lār, sf. teaching, doctrine.

late, av. slowly, late—late on ġēare, late in the year.

ġe·laþian, wv. invite.

ġe·laþung, sf. congregation.

lēaf, sf. leave.

ġe·lēafa, sm. belief, faith.

ġe·lēaf-full, aj. believing, pious.

leahtor, sm. crime, vice.

lēas, aj. without (expers), in compos.—less; false.

lēat, see lūtan.

lęċġan, wv. lay [liċġan].

ġe·lęndan, wv. land [land].

lēo, smf. lion.

lēode, smpl. people.

lēof, aj. dear, beloved; pleasant—mē wǣre lēofre, I would rather—[lufu].

leofode, see libban.

leoht, sn. light.

leoht-fæt, sn. (light-vessel), lamp.

leornian, wv. learn.

leornung-cniht, sm. disciple.

lēt, see lǣtan.

libban, wv. live.

līc, sn. body, corpse.

ġe·līc, aj. w. dat. like.

ġe·līce, av. in like manner, alike, equally.

liċġan, sv. 5, lie.

līc-hama, sm. body.

līcham-līce, av. bodily.

ġelīcian, wv. w. dat. please.

līefan, wv. w. dat. allow [lēaf].

ġe·līefan, wv. believe [gelēafa].

līf, sn. līfe.

lifiend, see libban.

lim, sn. limb, member.

ġe·limp, sn. event, emergency, calamity.

ġe·limpan, sv. 3, happen.

līþ, see liċġan.

locc, sm. lock of hair.

lof, sn. praise; glory.

ġe·lōgian, place; occupy, furnish.

ġe·lōm, aj. frequent, repeated.

ġe·lōme, av. often, repeatedly.

losian, wv. w. dat. be lost—him losaþ, he loses [(for)lēosan].

lūcan, sv. 7, close.

lufian, wv. love.

lufu, sf. love [lēof].

Lunden-burg, sf. London [Lundonia].

lūtan, sv. 7, stoop.

lȳtel, aj. little.

M

Mā, see micel.

macian, wv. make.

mæġ, swv. can, be able.

mæġen, sn. strength, capacity; virtue [mæġ].

mǣġþ, sf. family; tribe, nation; generation.

ġe·mǣne, aj. common.

ġe·mǣnelic, aj. common, general.

mǣre, aj. famous, glorious, great (metaphorically).

ġe·mǣre, sn. boundary, territory.

mǣrsian, wv. extol, celebrate [mǣre].

mǣrþo, sf. glory [mǣre].

mæsse, sf. mass [Latin missa].

mæsse-prēost, sm. mass-priest.

mǣst, see miċel.

magon, see mæġ.

man, indef. one [mann].

mān, sn. wickedness.

mān-dǣd, sf. wicked deed.

mān-full, aj. wicked.

mangere, sm. merchant.

mangung, sf. trade, business.

maniġ, aj. many.

manīġ-feald, aj. manifold.

maniġ-fieldan, wv. multiply [maniġfeald].

mann, sm. man; person.

mann-cynn, sn. mankind.

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mann-rǣden, sf. allegiance.

mann-slaga, sm. manslayer, murderer [slēan, slęġe].

māre, see miċel.

martyr, sm. martyr.

māþm, sm. treasure.

māþm-fæt, sn. precious vessel.

mē, see ic.

mearc, sf. boundary.

mēd, sf. reward, pay.

mēder, see mōdor.

męnn, see mann.

męnnisc, aj. human [mann].

męre-grot, sr. pearl [margarita].

merġen, sm. morning [morgen].

ġe·met, sn. measure; manner, way.

metan, sv. 5, measure.

ġe·mētan, wv. meet; find [ġemōt].

męte, sm. food—pl. męttas.

miċel, aj. great, much—comp. māre, mā (adv., sn., aj.), sup. mǣst.

miċle, av. greatly, much.

mid, prp. w. dat. (instr.) with—mid þǣm þe, cj. when.

middan-ġeard, sm. world [literally middle enclosure].

midde, aj. mid, middle (only of time).

middel, sn. middle.

Middel-ęnġle, smpl. Middle-Angles.

Mierċe, smpl. Mercians [mearc].

miht, sf. might, strength; virtue [mæġ].

mihte, see mæġ.

mihtiġ, aj. mighty, strong.

mīl, sf. mile [Latin milia (passuum)].

mild-heort, aj. mild-hearted, merciful.

ġe·miltsian, wv. w. dat. have mercy on, pity [milde].

mīn, see ic.

mis-lǣdan, wv. mislead, lead astray.

mis-lic, aj. various.

mōd, sn. heart, mind.

mōdig, aj. proud.

mōdiġ-nes, sf. pride.

mōdor, sf. mother.

molde, sf. mould, earth.

mōna, sm. moon.

mōnaþ, sm. month—pl. mōnaþ [mōna].

morgen, sm. morning.

morþ, sn. (murder), crime.

mōste, see mōtan.

ġe·mōt, sn. meeting.

mōtan, swv. may; ne mōt, must not.

ġe·munan, swv. remember.

munt, sm. mountain, hill [Latin montem].

munuc, sm. monk [Latin monachus].

murcnian, wv. grumble, complain.

mūþ, sm. mouth.

mūþa, sm. mouth of a river [mūþ].

ġe·mynd, sf. memory, mind [ġemunan].

ġe·myndiġ, aj. w. gen. mindful.

mynet, sf. coin [Latin moneta].

mynetere, sm. money-changer.

mynster, sn. monastery [Latin monasterium].

N

Nā, av. not, no [ = ne ā].

nabban = ne habban.

nǣddre, sf. snake.

næfde, næfst, = ne hæfde, ne hæfst.

nǣfre, av. never [ = ne ǣfre].

næġel, sm. nail.

næs = ne wæs.

nāht, prn. w. gen. naught, nothing [ = nān wiht].

nāht-nes, sf. worthlessness, cowardice.

nam, see niman.

nama, sm. name.

nāmon, see niman.

nān, prn. none, no [ = ne ān].

nāt = ne wāt.

nāwþer, prn. neither [ = ne āhwæþer (either)].

ne, av. not—ne … ne, neither … not.

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nēah, av. near; superl. nīehst—æt nīehstan, next, immediately, afterwards.

nearu, aj. narrow.

nēa-wist, sfm. neighbourhood [wesan].

nęmnan, wv. name [nama].

neom = ne eom.

nese, av. no.

nętt, sn. net.

nīed, sf. need.

nīedunga, av. needs, by necessity.

nīehst, see nēah.

nīeten, sn. animal.

nigon, num. nine.

nigoþa, aj. ninth.

niht, sf. night.

niman, sv. 4, take, capture; take in marriage, marry.

nis = ne is.

niþer, av. down.

nīwe, aj. new.

ġe·nōg, aj. enough.

nolde = ne wolde.

norþ, av. north.

Norþhymbra-land, sn. Northumberland.

Norþ-hymbre, smpl. Northumbrians [Humbra].

norþan-weard, aj. northward.

Norþ-męnn, pl. Norwegians.

nū, av. now, just now; cj. causal, now that, since.

nū·ġiet, av. still.

ġe·nyht-sum-nes, sf. sufficience, abundance.

nyle, = ne wile.

nyste, nyton = ne wiste, ne witon.

O

Of, prp. w. dat. of, from of place, origin, privation, release, &c.; partitive, sęllaþ ūs of ēowrum ele, some of your oil.

of-·drǣdd, aj. afraid [past partic. of ofdrǣdan, dread].

ofer, prp. w. dat. and acc. over; on; of time, during, throughout, over.

ofer-gyld, aj. (past partic.), gilded over, covered with gold.

ofer-·hęrgian, wv. ravage, over-run.

ofer-·sāwan, sv. 2, sow over.

offrian, wv. offer, sacrifice [Latin offerre].

offrung, sf. offering, sacrifice.

of-·slēan, sv. 2, slay.

of-·snīþan, sv. 6, kill [snīþan, cut].

of-spring, sm. offspring [springan].

oft, av. often.

of-·tēon, sv. 7, w. dat. of pers. and gen. of thing, deprive.

of-·þyrst, aj. thirsty [past partic. of ofþyrstan, from þurst].

of-·wundrian, wv. w. gen. wonder.

ō-lǣċung, sf. flattery.

olfend, sm. camel [Latin elephas].

on, prp. w. dat. and acc. on; in; hostility, against, on hīe fuhton; of time, in.

on-·byrġan, wv. taste.

on-·cnāwan, sv. 1, know, recognize.

on·drǣdan, sv. 1, wv. dread, fear.

on-·fōn, sv. 1, receive.

on-·ġēan, prp. w. dat. and acc. towards; hostility, against.

on-·ġēan, av. back—ġewęnde on-ġēan, returned.

on-ġinn, sn. beginning.

on-·ġinnan, sv. 3, begin.

on-·liehtan, wv. illuminate, enlighten [leoht].

on·liehtung, sf. illumination, light.

on-·lūcan, sv. 7, unlock.

on-·middan, prp. w. dat. in the midst of.

on-sīen, sf. appearance, form.

on-sund, aj. sound, whole.

on-·uppan, prp. w. dat. upon.

on-weald, sm. rule, authority, power; territory.

on-·weġ, av. away.

open, aj. open.

openian, wv. open, reveal, disclose.

orgel-līce, av. proudly.

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or-mǣte, aj. immense, boundless [metan].

or-sorg, aj. unconcerned, careless.

oþ, prp. w. acc. until—oþ þæt, cj. until; up to, as far as.

ōþer, prn. (always strong), second; other.

oþþe, cj. or—oþþe … oþþe, either … or.

oxa, sm. ox.

P

Pāpa, sm. pope [Latin papa].

pęning, sm. penny.

Peohtas, smpl. Picts.

Philistēisc, aj. Philistine.

Pihtisc, aj. Pictish [Peohtas].

plegian, wv. play.

post, sm. post [Latin postis].

prēost, sm. priest [Latin presbyter].

pund, sn. pound [Latin pondus].

pytt, sm. pit [Latin puteus].

R

Racentēag, sf. chains.

rād, see rīdan.

ġe·rād, sn. reckoning, account; on þā ġerād þæt, on condition that.

rǣd, sm. advice; what is advisable, plan of action—him rǣd þūhte, it seemed advisable to him.

ramm, sm. ram.

rāp, sm. rope.

rēaf, sn. robe, dress.

reahte, see reċċan.

rēċan, wv. w. gen. reck, care.

ręċċan, wv. tell, narrate.

ġe·ręċednes, sf. narrative.

ġe·rēfa, sm. officer, reeve, bailiff.

reġen, sm. rain.

rēþe, aj. fierce, cruel.

rīċe, aj. powerful, of high rank.

rīċe, sn. kingdom, sovereignty, government.

rīċetere, sn. (ambition), pomp.

rīċsian, wv. rule.

rīdan, sv. 6, ride.

riftere, sm. reaper.

riht, aj. right; righteous.

riht-līce, av. rightly, correctly.

riht-wīs, aj. righteous.

riht-wīsnes, sf. righteousness.

rīm, sm. number.

rīman, wv. count.

rīnan, wv. rain [reġen].

rīpan, sv. 6, reap.

rīpere, sm. reaper.

rīp-tīma, sm. reaping-time, harvest.

rōhte, see rēċan.

Rōme-burg, sf. city of Rome.

rōwan, sv. 1, row.

ryne, sm. course.

ġe·rȳne, sn. mystery.

S

Sǣ, sf. sea—dat. sǣ.

sǣd, sn. seed.

sæġde, see sęċġan.

sǣl, sm. time, occasion.

ġe·sǣliġ, aj. happy, blessed.

ġe·sǣliġ-līce, av. happily, blessedly.

sæt, sǣton, see sittan.

sagol, sm. rod, staff.

ġe·samnian, wv. collect, assemble.

samod, av. together, with.

sanct, sm. saint [Latin sanctus].

sand, sf. dish of food [sęndan].

sand-ċeosol, sm. sand (literally sand-gravel).

sār, sn. grief.

sār, aj. grievous.

sāriġ, aj. sorry, sad.

sāwan, sv. 1, sow.

sāwere, sm. sower.

sāwol, sf. soul.

scamu, sf. shame.

scand, sf. disgrace.

scand-lic, aj. shameful.

sċēaf, sm. sheaf [scūfan].

sċēaf-mǣlum, av. sheafwise.

ġe·sċeaft, sf. creature, created thing. sċeal, swv. ought to, must; shall.

sċēap, sn. sheep.

sċeatt, sm. (tribute); money.

sċēawere, sm. spy, witness.

sċēawian, wv. see; examine; read.

sċēawung, sf. seeing, examination.

sċēotan, sv. 7, shoot.

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sċieppan, sv. 2, create.

sċieran, sv. 4, shear.

sċip, sn. ship.

sċip-hęre, sm. fleet.

sċip-hlæst, sm. (shipload), crew.

sċīr, sf. shire.

scolde, see sceal.

scōp, see sċieppan.

scort, aj. short.

scotian, wv. shoot [sċēotan].

Scot-land, sn. Ireland.

Scottas, smpl. the Irish.

scotung, sf. shot.

scræf, sn. cave.

scrīn, sn. shrine [Latin scrinium].

scrincan, sv. 3, shrink.

scrūd, sn. dress.

scrȳdan, wv. clothe [scrūd].

scūfan, sv. 7, push—scūfan ūt, launch (ship).

sculon, see sċeal.

scuton, see sċēotan.

scyld, sf. guilt [sculon, sceal].

scyldig, aj. guilty.

scylen, see sceal.

Scyttisc, aj. Scotch [Scottas].

se, sē, prn. that; the; he; who.

ġeseah, see ġesēon.

sealde, see sęllan.

sēaþ, sm. pit.

Seaxe, smpl. Saxons.

sēċan, wv. seek; visit, come to; attack.

sęċġan, wv. say.

self, prn. self.

sęllan, wv. give; sell.

sēlest, av. superl. best.

sęndan, wv. send, send message [sand].

sēo, see se.

seofon, num. seven.

seofoþa, aj. seventh.

seolc, sf. silk.

seolcen, aj. silken.

seolfor, sn. silver.

ġe·sēon, sv. 5, see.

sēow, see sāwan.

ġe·sętnes, sf. narrative [sęttan].

sęttan, wv. set; appoint, institute—dōm sęttan w. dat. pass sentence on; compose, write; create [sittan].

sibb, sf. peace.

ġe·sibb-sum, aj. peaceful.

sīe, see wesan.

sīefer-līce, av. purely.

sīefre, aj. pure.

sierwung, sf. stratagem.

siex, num. six.

siexta, aj. sixth.

siextiġ, num. sixty.

siextiġ-feald, aj. sixtyfold.

siġe, sm. victory—siġe niman, gain the victory.

siġe-fæst, aj. victorious.

ġe·sihþ, sf. sight; vision, dream [ġesēon].

sifren, aj. silver.

simle, av. always.

sind, see wesan.

sinu, sf, sinew.

sittan, sv. 5, sit; settle, stay.

ġe·sittan, sv. 5, take possession of.

sīþ, sm. journey.

sīþian, wv. journey, go.

siþþan, av. since, afterwards; cj. when.

slǣp, sm. sleep.

slǣpan, sv. 1, sleep,

slaga, sm. slayer. [slēan, past. partic. ġeslæġen].

slāw, aj. slow, slothful, dull.

slēan, sv. 2, strike; slay, kill.

slęċġ, sm. hammer [slaga, slēan].

slęġe, sm. killing [slaga, slēan].

slēp, see slǣpan.

slōg, see slēan.

smæl, aj. narrow.

smēan, wv. consider, think; consult.

smēocan, sv. 7, smoke.

smēþe, aj. smooth.

snotor, aj. wise, prudent.

sōna, av. soon; then.

sorg, sf. sorrow.

sōþ, aj. true.

sōþ, sn. truth.

sōþ-līce, av. truly, indeed.

spade, wf. spade [Latin spatha].

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sprǣċ, sf. speech, language; conversation [sprecan].

sprecan, sv. 5, speak.

spręnġan, wv. (scatter); sow [springan].

springan, sv. 3, spring.

sprungen, see springan.

stǣnen, aj. of stone [stān].

stǣniht, sn. stony ground [originally adj. ‘stony,’ from stān].

stān, sm. stone; brick.

standan, sv. 2, stand.

stēap, aj. steep.

stęde, sm. place.

stefn, sf. voice.

stelan, sv. 4, steal.

stęnt, see standan.

stēor, sf. steering, rudder.

steorra, sm. star.

sticol, aj. rough.

stīepel, sm. steeple [stēap].

stīeran, wv. w. dat. restrain [stēor].

ġe·stillan, wv. stop, prevent.

stille, aj. still, quiet.

stōd, see standan.

stōl, sm. seat.

stōw, sf. place.

strǣt, sf. street, road [Latin strata via].

strand, sm. shore.

strang, aj. strong.

strēdan, wv. (scatter), sow.

stręnġþo, sf. strength [strang].

ġe·strēon, sn. possession.

ġe·strīenan, wv. gain [ġestrēon].

strūtian, wv. strut.

styċċe, sn. piece.

sum, prn. some, a certain (one), one; a.

ġe·sund, aj. sound, healthy.

ġe·sund-full. aj. safe and sound.

sundor, av. apart.

sunne, sf. sun.

sunu, sm. son.

sūþ, av. south, southwards.

sūþan, av. from the south.

sūþan-weard, aj. southward.

sūþ-dǣl, sm. the South.

sūþerne, aj. southern.

Sūþ-seaxe, smpl. South-Saxons.

swā, av. so; swā, swā, as, like—swā … swā, so … as.

swāc, see swīcan.

swā-·þēah, av. however.

swefn, sn. sleep; dream.

swelċ, prn. such.

swelċe, av. as if, as it were, as, like.

sweltan, sv. 3, die.

swęnċan, wv. afflict, molest [swincan].

swęnġ, sm. stroke, blow [swingan].

swēor, sm. pillar.

swēora, sm. neck.

sweord, sn. sword.

sweord-bora, sm. sword-bearer [beran].

sweotol, aj. clear, evident.

sweotolian, wv. display, show, indicate.

sweotolung, sf. manifestation, sign.

swęrian, sv. 2, swear.

swīc, sm. deceit.

ġe·swīcan, sv. 6 (fail, fall short); cease (betray).

swīc-dōm, sm. deceit [swīcan].

swicol, aj. deceitful, treacherous.

swicon, see swīcan.

swift, aj. swift.

swīgian, wv. be silent.

swincan, sv. 3, labour, toil.

swingan, sv. 3, beat.

swingle, sf. stroke [swingan].

swipe, sm. whip.

swīþe, av. very, much, greatly, violently—cp. swīþor, rather, more.

swīþ-lic, aj. excessive, great.

swīþre, sf. right hand [cp. of swīþe with hand understood].

swulton, see sweltan.

swuncon, see swincan.

swungon, see swingan.

syndriġ, aj. separate [sundor].

syn-full, aj. sinful.

syngian, wv. sin.

synn, sf. sin.

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T

Tācen, sn. sign, token; miracle.

tācnian, wv. signify.

ġe·tācnung, sf. signification, type.

tǣċan, wv. w. dat. show; teach.

talu, sf. number [getel].

tam, aj. tame.

tāwian, wv. ill-treat.

tēam, sm. progeny [tēon].

ġe·tel, sn. number.

tęllan, wv. count, account—tęllan tō nāhte, count as naught [talu].

Tęmes, sf. Thames [Tamisia].

tempel, sn. temple [Latin templum].

tēon, sv. 7, pull, drag.

tēona, sm. injury, insult.

tēon-rǣden, sf. humiliation.

tēþ, see tōþ.

tiċċen, sn. kid.

tīd, sf. time; hour.

tīeġan, wv. tie.

tīeman, wv. teem, bring forth [tēam].

tīen, num. ten.

tierwe, sf. tar.

tiġele, wf. tile [Latin tegula].

tīma, sm. time.

timbrian, wv. build.

ġe·timbrung, sf. building.

tintreġ, sn. torture.

tintregian, wv. torture.

tō, prp. w. dat. (av.) to—tō abbode ġesętt, made abbot; time, at—tō langum fierste, for a long time; adverbial, tō scande, ignominiously; fitness, purpose, for—þǣm folce (dat.) tō dēaþe, to the death of the people, so that the people were killed; tō þǣm þæt, cj. in order that—tō þæm (swīþe) … þæt, so (greatly) … that.

tō, av. too.

tō-·berstan, sv. 3, burst, break asunder.

tō-·brecan, sv. 4, break in pieces, break through.

tō-·breġdan, sv. 3, tear asunder.

tō-·cwīesan, wv. crush, bruise.

tō-cyme, sm. coming [cuman].

tō-·dæġ, av. to-day.

tō-·dǣlan, wv. disperse; separate, divide.

tō-·gædre, av. together.

tō-·ġēanes, prp. w. dat. towards—him tōġēanes, to meet him.

tōl, sn. tool.

tō-·līesan, wv. loosen [lēas].

tō-·middes, prp. w. dat. in the midst of.

tō-·teran, sv. 4, tear to pieces.

tōþ, sm. tooth.

tō-weard, aj. future.

tō-·weorpan, sv. 3, overthrow, destroy.

trēow, sn. tree.

ġe·trēowe, aj. true, faithful.

trum, aj. strong.

trymman, wv. strengthen [trum].

trymmung, sf. strengthening, encouragement.

tūcian, wv. ill-treat.

tugon, see tēon.

tūn, sm. village, town.

twā, twǣm, see twēġen.

twēġen, num. two.

twęlf, num. twelve.

twęntiġ, num. w. gen. twenty.

Þ (TH)

Þā, av. cj. then; when—þā þā, when, while—correlative þā … þā, when … (then).

þā, þǣm, &c., see se.

þǣr, av. there—þǣrtō, &c. thereto, to it; where—þǣr þǣr, correl. where.

þǣre, see se.

þǣr-rihte, av. immediately.

þæs, av. therefore; wherefore.

þæs, þæt, see se.

þæt, cj. that.

ġe·þafian, wv. allow, permit.

þā-·ġiet, av. still, yet.

þanc, sm. thought; thanks.

þancian, wv. w. gen. of thing and dat. of person, thank.

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þanon, av. thence, away.

þās, see þis.

þe, rel. prn. who—sē þe, who; av. when.

þē, see þū.

þēah, av. cj. though, yet, however—þēah þe, although.

þearf, swv. need.

þearle, av. very, greatly.

þēaw, sm. custom, habit; þēawas, virtues, morality.

þeġen, sm. thane; servant.

þeġnian, wv. w. dat. serve.

þeġnung, sf. service, retinue.

þęnċan, wv. think, expect [þanc].

þēod, sf. people, nation.

ġe·þēode, sn. language.

þēof, sm. thief.

þēos, see þes.

þēostru, spl. darkness.

þēow, sm. servant.

þēow-dōm, sm. service.

þēowian, wv. w. dat. serve.

þēowot, sn. servitude.

þes, prn. this.

þiċċe, aj. thick.

þiċġan, sv. 5, take, receive; eat, drink.

þīn, see þū.

þing, sn. thing.

þis, þissum, &c., see þes.

ġe·pōht, sm. thought.

þōhte, see þęnċan.

þone, see se.

þonne, av. cj. then; when; because.

þonne, av. than.

þorfte, see þearf.

þorn, sm. thorn.

þrǣd, sm. thread.

þrēo, see þrīe.

þridda, aj. third.

þrīe, num. three.

þrim, see þrīe.

þritiġ, num. thirty.

þritiġ-feald, aj. thirtyfold.

þrymm, sm. glory.

þū, prn. thou.

þūhte, see þynċan.

ġe·þungen, aj. excellent, distinguished.

þurh, prp. w. acc. through; causal, through, by.

þurh-·wunian, wv. continue.

þurst, sm. thirst.

þurstiġ, aj. thirsty.

þus, av. thus.

þūsend, sn. thousand.

ġe·þwǣr-lǣċan, wv. agree.

þȳ, instr. of se; av. because.

þȳfel, sm. bush.

þȳ·lǣs, cj. lest.

þynċan, wv. impers. w. dat. mē þynċþ, methinks [þęnċan].

þȳrel, sn. hole [þurh].

U

Ufe-weard, aj. upward, at the top of.

un-ārīmed-lic, aj. innumerable.

unc, see ic.

un-ġecynd, aj. strange, of alien family.

un-dēad-lic-nes, sf. immortality.

under, prp. w. dat. and acc. under.

under-cyning, sm. under-king.

under-·delfan, sv. dig under.

under-·fōn, sv. 1, receive, take.

under-·ġietan, sv. 5, understand.

undern-tīd, sf. morning-time.

un-forht, aj. dauntless.

un-for-molsnod, aj. (past partic.) undecayed.

un-ġehīersum, aj. w. dat. disobedient.

un-hold, aj. hostile.

un-ġemetlic, aj. immense.

un-mihtiġ, aj. weak.

un-nytt, aj. useless.

un-rihtlīce, av. wrongly.

un-rihtwīs, aj. unrighteous.

un-ġerīm, sn. countless number or quantity.

un-ġerīm, aj. countless.

un-ġesǣliġ, aj. unhappy, accursed.

un-scyldiġ, aj. innocent.

un-tīemend, aj. barren [from pres. partic. of tīeman].

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un-ġeþwǣr-nes, sf. discord.

un-ġewittiġ, aj. foolish.

ūp, av. up.

ūp-āhafen-nes, sf. conceit, arrogance.

ūp-flōr, sf. (dat. sing. -a) upper floor, upper story.

uppan, prp. w. dat. on, upon.

urnon, see iernan.

ūs, see ic.

ūt, av. out.

ūtan, av. outside.

uton, defect. verb, w. infin. let us—uton gān, let us go!

W

Wacian, wv. be awake, watch.

wǣdla, sm. poor man.

wæl, sn. slaughter—wæl ġe·slēan, make a slaughter.

wæl-hrēow, aj. cruel.

wælhrēow-līce, av. cruelly, savagely.

wælhrēownes, sf. cruelty.

wǣpen, sn. weapon.

wær, aj. wary.

wǣron, wæs, see wesan.

wæstm, sm. (growth); fruit.

wæter, sn. water.

wæter-sċipe, sm. piece of water, water.

wāfung, sf. (spectacle), display.

-ware, pl. (only in composition) dwellers, inhabitants [originally defenders, cp. węrian].

wāt, see witan.

ġewāt, see ġewītan.

wē, see ic.

ġe·weald, sn. power, command.

wealdan, sv. 1, w. gen. rule.

Wealh, sm. (pl. Wēalas), sm. Welshman, Briton (originally foreigner).

weall, sm. wall.

weall-līm, sm. (wall-lime), cement, mortar.

wearg, sm. felon, criminal [originally wolf, then proscribed man, outlaw].

weaxan, sv. 1, grow, increase.

weġ, sm. way, road.

weġ-fērende, aj. (pres. partic.) way-faring.

wel, av. well.

wel-willend-nes, sf. benevolence.

wēnan, wv. expect, think.

ġe·węndan, wv. turn; go [windan].

węnian, wv. accustom, wean [ġewuna].

weofod, sn. altar.

weorc, sn. work.

weorpan, sv. 3, throw.

weorþ, sn. worth.

weorþ, aj. worth, worthy.

weorþan, sv. 3, happen; become—w. æt sprǣċe, enter into conversation.

ġe·weorþan, sv. 3, impers. w. dat.—him ġewearþ, they agreed on.

weorþ-full, aj. worthy.

weorþian, wv. honour, worship; make honoured, exalt.

weorþ-līce, aj. honourably.

weorþ-mynd, sf. honour.

wēox, see weaxan.

wēpan, sv. 1, weep.

wer, sm. man.

węrian, wv. defend [wær].

werod, sn. troop, army.

wesan, sv. be.

west, av. west.

West-seaxe, smpl. West-saxons.

wēste, aj. waste, desolate.

wīd, aj. wide.

wīde, av. widely, far and wide.

widewe, sf. widow.

ġe·wieldan, wv. overpower, conquer [wealdan].

wierþe, aj. w. gen. worthy [weorþ].

wīf, sn. woman; wife.

wīf-healf, sf. female side.

wīf-mann, sm. woman.

wiht, sf. wight, creature, thing.

Wiht, sf. Isle of Wight [Vectis].

Wiht-ware, pl. Wight-dwellers.

wilde, aj. wild.

wildēor, sn. wild beast.

willa, sm. will.

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willan, swv. will, wish; of repetition, be used to.

ġe·wilnian, wv. w. gen. desire.

wīn, sn. wine.

wind, sm. wind.

windan, sv. 3, wind.

wīn-ġeard, sm. vineyard.

winnan, sv. 3, fight.

ġe·winnan, sv. 3, win, gain.

winter, (pl. winter), sm. winter; in reckoning = year.

winter-setl, sn. winter-quarters.

wīs, aj. wise.

wīs-dōm, sm. wisdom.

wīse, sf. (wise), way.

ġe·wiss, aj. certain.

ġe·wissian, wv. guide, direct.

ġe·wissung, sf. guidance, direction.

wiste, see witan.

wit, see ic.

wita, sm. councillor, sage.

witan, swv. know.

ġe·wītan, sv. 6, depart.

wīte, sn. punishment; torment.

wītega, sm. prophet.

witod-līce, av. truly, indeed, and [witan].

ġe·witt, sn. wits, intelligence, understanding [witan].

wiþ, prp. w. dat. and acc. towards; along—wiþ weġ, by the road; hostility, against—fuhton wiþ Brettas, fought with the Britons; association, sharing, &c., with; defence, against; exchange, price, for—wiþ þǣm þe, in consideration of, provided that.

wiþ-·meten-nes, sf. comparison.

wiþ-·sacan, sv. 2, w. dat. deny.

wiþ-·standan, sv. 2, w. dat. withstand, resist.

wlite, sm. beauty.

wōd, aj. mad.

wōd-līce, av. madly.

wolde, see willan.

wōp, sm. weeping [wēpan].

word, sn. word, sentence; subject of talk, question, answer, report.

ġeworden, see weorþan.

worhte, see wyrċan.

woruld, sf. world.

woruld-þing, sn. worldly thing.

wrecan, sv. 5, avenge.

wrēġan, wv. accuse.

ġe·writ, sn. writing [wrītan].

wrītan, sv. 6, write.

wudu, sm. wood.

wuldor, sn. glory.

wuldrian, wv. glorify, extol.

wulf, sm. wolf.

ġe·wuna, sm. habit, custom [wunian].

wund, sf. wound.

wundor, sn. wonder; miracle.

wundor-lic, aj. wonderful, wondrous.

wundor-līce, av. wonderfully, wondrously.

wundrian, wv. w. gen. wonder.

ġe·wunelic, aj. customary.

wunian, wv. dwell, stay, continue [ġewuna].

wunung, sf. dwelling.

ġewunnen, see ġewinnan.

wyrċan, wv. work, make; build; do, perform [weorc].

wyrhta, sm. worker.

wyrt, sf. herb, spice; crop.

wyrt-brǣþ, sm. spice-fragrance, fragrant spice.

wyrtruma, sm. root.

wȳsċan, wv. wish.

Y

Yfel, aj. evil, bad.

yfel, sn. evil.

ymbe, prp. w. acc. around; of time, about, at.

ymb-·scrȳdan, wv. clothe, array.

ymb-·ūtan, av. round about.

ȳterra, aj. comp. outer; superl. ȳtemest, outermost, last [ūt].

***THE END***