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A B D E F G H J K L M N O P Q R S T Þ(TH) U V Y ProperNames 

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Glossary

æ follows að, ð follows d, ę follows e, œ follows oð, ǫ follows o, ö follows ǫ, þ follows t.

The declensions of nouns are only occasionally given.

(-rs) etc. means that the r of the nom. is kept in inflection.

A

-a adv. not.

ā sf. river.

ā see eiga.

ā prp. w. acc. and dat. on, in.

āðr adv., cj. before.

aðrir see annar.

æsir see āss.

ætla wv. 3, consider, deem: ‘ætlask fyrir,’ intend.

ætt sf. 2, race, descent, family.

ætta see eiga.

af prp. w. dat. from; of; with; adv. ‘drekka af,’ drink off.

af-hūs sn. out-house, side room.

afl sn. strength, might.

af-taka wf. damage, injury.

āgætliga adv. splendidly.

aka sv. 2, drive (a chariot, etc.).

ākafliga adv. vehemently, hard–‘kalla a.’ call loudly.

akarn sn. acorn.

akkeri sn. anchor.

ālar-ęndir sm. thong-end, end of a strap.

al-būinn adj. w. gen. quite ready.

aldinn adj. old.

aldri adv. never.

ā-lęngðar adv. for some time.

ālfr sm. elf.

ā-lit snpl. appearance, countenance [līta].

all-harðr adj. very hard, very violent.

all-lītill adj. very little.

all-mann-skœðr adj. (very injurious to men), very murderous (of a battle) [skaði, ‘injury’].

all-mikill adj. very great.

allr adj. all, whole; ‘með ǫllu,’ entirely; ‘alls fyrst,’ first of all.

all-stōrum adv. very greatly.

all-valdr sm. monarch, king.

al-snotr adj. very clever.

al-svartr adj. very black, coal-black.

alt adv. quite.

ambātt sf. 2, female slave, maid.

and-lit sn. face [līta].

annarr prn. second; following, next; other; one of the two–‘annar…annarr,’ one…the other.

aptann sm. evening.

aptastr adj. most behind.

aptr adv. back, backwards, behind.

ār sf. oar.

ār sn. year.

ār see ā.

argr adj. cowardly, base.

ār-maðr sm. steward.

armr adj. wretched.

ās-męgin sn. divine strength.

āss sm. 3, (Scandinavian) god.

āst sf. 2, affection, love, often in pl.

āst-sæll adj. beloved, popular. [sæll, ‘happy’].

āsynja wf. (Scandinavian) goddess [āss].

āt see eta.

at prp. w. dat. at, by; to, towards, up to; for; in accordance with, after.

at adv. to.

-at adv. not.

at-laga wf. attack [lęggja].

at-rōðr (-rar) sm. 2, rowing against, attack.

ātta num. eight.

ātta see eiga.

auð-kęndr adj. easy to be recognized, easily distinguishable.

auðr adj. desert, deserted, without men.

auð-sēnn adj. evident.

auga wn. eye.

aug-sȳn sf. sight.

auka sv. 1, increase; impers., w. dat. of what is added ‘jōk nū miklu ā,’ much was added to it (his hesitation increased).

austan adv. from the east.

aust-maðr sm. Easterner, Norwegian.

austr sn. the east–‘ī au.,’ eastwards.

austr adv. eastwards.

austr-vegr sm. the East, especially Russia.

āvalt adv. continually, all the time.

ā-vanr adj. wanting; impers. neut. in ‘einnar mēr Freyju āvant þykkir,’ Freyja alone I seem to want.

ā-vinnr adj. toilsome, only in the impers. neut. ‘mun ā-vint verða um sǫxin,’ it will be a hard fight at the prow.

B

bað see biðja.

bāðir prn. both, neut. as adv. in ‘bæði…ok,’ both…and.

bāðu see biðja.

bǣða see biðja.

bǣði see bāðir.

baggi wm. bag; bundle.

bak sn. back, ‘vęrja eitt baki,’ defend a thing with the back, i.e. turns one’s back to it = be a coward.

bak-borði wm. larboard.

bāl sn. flame; funeral pile.

bāl-fǫr sf. funeral.

bani wm. death.

bar see bera.

bardagi wm. battle.

barð sn. edge, rim; projection in the prow of a ship formed by the continuation of the keel.

barða see bęrja.

barði wm. war-ship with a sharp prow, ram.

barn sn. child.

batt see binda.

bauð see bjōða.

beiða wv. 1, w. gen. of thing and dat. of pers. benefited, ask, demand.

bein sn. bone.

bękkr sm. 2, bench.

bęlla wv. 1, occupy oneself with, deal in, generally in a bad sense.

bera sv. 4, carry, take; bear, endure. berask at, happen. b. fram, bring forward, out. b. vāpn niðr, shoot down. b. rāð sīn saman, hold council, deliberate.

berg-risi wm. hill-giant.

bęrja wv. 1b, strike–‘b. grjōti,’ stone. bęrjask, fight.

bęrr adj. bare, unsheathed (of a sword).

ber-sęrkr sm. 2, wild fighter, champion. [Literally ‘bear-shirt,’ i.e. one clothed in a bear’s skin.]

bętr see vel.

bętri see gōðr.

bęzt see vel.

bęztr see gōðr.

beygja wv. 1, bend, arch.

bīða sv. 6, w. gen. wait for; w. acc. abide, undergo.

biðja sv. 5, ask, beg, pray, w. gen. of thing, acc. of the pers. asked, and dat. of the person benefited; express a wish, bid–‘bað hann vel kominn’ (vera understood), bad him welcome; call on, challenge, command, tell.

bifask wv. 1, tremble, shake.

bil sn. moment of time.

bila wv. 2, fail.

bilt neut. adj. only in the impers. ‘einum verðr bilt,’ one hesitates, is taken aback, is afraid.

binda sv. 3, bind, tie up; dress.

birta wv. 1, show [bjartr].

bīta sv. 6, bite; cut.

bittu see binda.

bitu see bīta.

bjarn-dȳri sn. bear.

bjartr adj. bright, clear.

bjō see būa.

bjōða sv. 7, w. acc. and dat. offer, propose–‘b. einum fang,’ challenge to wrestling; invite. b. upp, give up.

bjǫrg sf. help; means of subsistence, store of food.

blāsa sv. 1, blow; blow trumpet as signal.

bleyða wf. coward.

blīða wf. gentleness, friendliness.

blindr adj. blind.

blōð sn. blood.

blōt-bolli wm. sacrificial bowl.

bœtr see bōt.

boga-skot sn. bowshot.

bogi wm. bow.

bog-maðr sm. bowman, archer.

bōndi sm. 4, yeoman, householder, (free) man [būa].

borð sn. side of a ship, board; rim, the margin between the rim of a vessel and the liquid in it–‘nū er gott beranda b. ā horninu,’ now there is a good margin for carrying the horn, i.e. its contents are so diminished that it can be lifted without spilling.

borg sf. fortress, castle.

borg-hlið sn. castle gate.

bōt sf. 3, mending, improvement; plur. bœtr, compensation.

bǫrn see barn.

brā sf. eyelid.

brā see bregða.

bragð sn. trick, stratagem [bregða].

brann see bręnna.

brast see bresta.

brātt adv. quickly.

braut sf. way–ā braut, adv. away.

braut see brjōta.

braut, brott adv. away.

bregða sv. 3, w. dat. jerk, pull, push; b. upp, lift, raise (to strike). change, transform.

breiðr adj. broad.

bręnna wf. burning; incremation.

bręnna sv. 3, burn intr.

bręnna wv. 1, burn trans.

bresta sv. 3, break, crack, burst.

brestr sm. crack; loss.

brjōst sn. breast.

brjōta sv. 7, break–‘b. (skip)’ suffer shipwreck, also impers. ‘skip (acc.) brȳtr,’ the ship is wrecked.

broddr sm. point.

brōðir sm. 4, brother.

brotinn see brjōta.

brotna wv. 3, break intr.

brott see braut.

brott-laga sf. retreat.

brū sf. bridge.

brūð-fē sn. bridal gift.

brūðr sf. 2, bride.

brūn sf. 3, eyebrow.

bryggja wf. pier.

brynja wf. corslet.

brȳnn see brūn.

bryn-stūka wf. corslet-sleeve.

bryti see brjōta.

brȳtr see brjōta.

bū sn. dwelling, home.

būa sv. 1, dwell; inhabit, possess, prepare. būask, get ready, prepare intr. ‘er būit við at…’ it is likely to be that…, there is danger of…

buðu see bjōða.

būinn adj. ready; in a certain condition–‘(við) svā būit’ adv. under such circumstances; capable, fit for–‘vel at sēr būinn,’ very capable, very good (at).

bundu see binda.

burr sm. son.

bȳðr see bjōða.

bȳr see būa.

byrja wv. 3, begin.

byr-vænn adj. promising a fair wind.

D

daga wv. 3, dawn.

dagan sf. dawn.

dagr sm. day.

dalr sm. valley.

dauðr adj. dead.

dęgi see dagr.

deyja sv. 2, die.

djūpr adj. deep.

dō see deyja.

dōmr sm. decision.

dōttir sf. 3, daughter.

dǫgurðr sm. breakfast [-urð = -verðr, cp. nāttverðr].

dōkkr (-vir) adj. dark.

draga sv. 2, draw, drag. d. saman, collect.

drakk see drekka.

drap see drepa.

draumr sm. dream.

dręginn see draga.

dreif see drīfa.

dręki wm. dragon; dragon-ship, ship with a dragon’s head as a beak.

drekka sv. 3, drink.

drepa sv. 5, strike; kill.

dreyma wv. 1, impers. w. acc. of pers. and acc. of the thing dream [draumr].

drīfa sv. 6, drive; hasten.

drjūpa sv. 7, drop.

drō see draga.

drōgu see draga.

drōttinn sm. lord.

drōttin-hollr adj. faithful to its master.

drukkinn adj. (ptc.) drunk.

drupu see drjūpa.

drykkja wf. drinking [drekka].

drykkju-maðr sm. drinker.

drykkr sm. 2, draught.

duna wv. 3, resound.

dunði see dynja.

dvalða see dvęlja.

dvęlja wv. 1b, delay. dvęljask, dwell, stop.

dvergr sm. dwarf.

dyðrill sm. (?).

dȳja wv. 1b, shake.

dynja wv. 1b, resound.

dȳr sn. animal, beast.

dyrr sfnpl. door.

E

eða cj. or.

ef cj. if.

ęfna wv. 1, perform, carry out.

ęggja wv. 3, incite.

eiðr sm. oath.

eiga wf. property.

eiga swv. possess, have: have as wife, be married to; have in the sense of must.

eigi adv. not; no.

eign sf. property.

eignask wv. 3, appropriate, gain.

eik sf. 3, oak.

einka-māl snpl. personal agreement, special treaty.

einn num., prn. one; the same; a certain, a; alone, only–‘einn saman,’ alone, mere.

einn-hvęrr prn. a certain, some, a.

eira wv. 1, w. dat. spare.

eitr sn. poison.

ek prn. I.

ęk see aka.

ekki prn. neut. nothing; adv. not.

eldr sm. fire.

ęlli wf. old age.

ellifti adj. eleventh.

ellifu num. eleven.

em see vera.

en cj. but; and.

en adv. than, after compar.

ęndask wv. 1, end, suffice for.

ęndi, ęndir sm. end.

ęnd-langr adj. the whole length–‘ęndlangan sal,’ the whole length of the hall.

ęndr adv. again.

engi prn. none, no.

ęnn adv. yet, still; besides; after all.

ęptir prp. w. acc. after (of time). w. dat. along, over; in quest of, after; according to, by. adv. afterwards; behind [aptr].

ęptri adj. compar. hind.

er prn. rel. who, which, rel. adv. where; when; because, that.

er see vera.

er see þū.

ęrfiði sn. work; trouble.

ert see vera.

eru see vera.

eta sv. 5, eat.

ey sf. island.

F

fā sv. 1, grasp; receive, get; give; be able. fāsk, wrestle. fāsk ā, be obtained, be.

faðir sm. 4, father.

fær see fā.

fæstr see fār.

fagnaðr sm. 2, joy; entertainment, hospitality.

fagr adj. beautiful, fair, fine.

fagrliga adv. finely.

fall sn. fall.

falla sv. 1, fall. fallask, be forgotten, fail.

fang sn. embrace, grasp; wrestling.

fann see finna.

fār adj. few–neut. fātt w. gen.: ‘fātt manna,’ few men.

fara go, travel–w. gen. in such constr. as ‘f. fęrðar sinnar,’ go his way; fare (well, ill); happen, turn out; experience; ‘f. með einu,’ deal with, treat; destroy, use up w. dat. farask impers. in ‘fęrsk þeim vel,’ they have a good passage.

farmr sm. lading, cargo.

fastr adj. firm, fast, strong.

fē sn. property, money.

fęðrum see faðir.

fekk see fā.

fęgrð sf. beauty [fagr].

fęgrstr see fagr.

feikn-stafir smpl. 2, wickedness.

fela sv. 3, hide.

fēlagi wm. companion.

fē-lauss adj. penniless.

fē-lītill adj. with little money, poor.

fell see falla.

fęlla wv. 1, fell, throw down; kill [falla].

fengu, fęnginn see fā.

fęr see fara.

fęrð sf. 2, journey [fara].

fer-skeyttr adj. four-cornered.

fimm num. five.

fimtāndi adj. fifteenth.

finna sv. 3, find; meet, go to see; notice, see.

fjaðr-hamr sm. feathered (winged) coat.

fjall sn. mountain.

fjār see fē.

fjara sf. ebb-tide; beach.

fjogur see fjōrir.

fjōrði adj. fourth.

fjōrir num. four.

fjǫlð wf. quantity.

fjǫl-kyngi sn. magic.

fjǫl-męnni sn. multitude; troop [maðr].

fjǫrðr sm. 3, firth.

fjǫrur see fjara.

flā sv. 2, flay, skin.

flaug see fljūga.

flęginn see flā.

flestr see margr.

fljōta sv. 7, float, drift.

fljūga sv. 7, fly.

flō see fljūga.

floti wm. fleet [fljōtal.

flōtti wm. flight [flȳja].

flugu see fljūga.

fluttu see flytja.

flȳja wv. 1, flee.

flytja wv. 1b. remove, bring.

fnāsa wv. 3, snort.

fœra wv. 1, bring, take; fasten [fara].

fœrir see fara.

fœti see fōt.

fōlginn see fela.

fōlk sn. multitude, troop; people.

fōr see fara.

for-tǫlur wpl. representations, arguments [tala].

fōstra wf. nurse.

fōt-hvatr adj. swift-footed.

fōtr sm. foot; leg.

fǫður see faðir.

fǫr sf. journey [fara].

fǫru-neyti sn. company [njōta].

frā prp. from, away from; about, concerning. ‘ī frā’ adv. away.

frændi sm. 4, relation.

frā-fall sn. death.

fram adv. forward, forth. compar. framar, ahead.

framastr adj. superl. chief, most distinguished.

frami wm. advantage, courage.

framiðr see fręmja.

fram-stafn sm. prow.

frā-sǫgn sf. narrative, relation.

freista wv. 3, w. gen. try, test.

fręmja wv. 1b, perform [fram].

friðr sm. 2, peace.

frīðr adj. beautiful, fine.

frōðr adj. learned, wise.

frœkn adj. bold, daring.

frost sn. frost.

fugl sm. bird.

full-kominn adj. (ptc.) complete; ready (for).

fullr adj. full.

fundr sm. 2, meeting [finna].

fundu see finna.

furðu adv. awfully, very.

fūss adj. eager.

fylgja wv. 1, w. dat. follow; accompany.

fylki sn. troop [fōlk].

fylkja wv. 1, w. dat. draw up (troops) [fōlk].

fylla wv. 1, fill [fullr].

fyr, fyrir prp. w. acc. and dat. before; beyond, over–‘f. borð,’ overboard; instead of–‘koma f.’ adv. be given as compensation; for; because of. ‘f. þvī at,’ because. ‘lītill. f. sēr,’ insignificant.

fyrir-rūm sn. fore-hold, chief-cabin.

fyrirrūms-maðr sm. man in the fore-hold.

fyrr adv. compar. before, formerly. superl. fyrst, first.

fyrri adj. compar. former. superl. fyrstr, first.

fȳsa wv. 1, hasten trans.–impers. ‘braut fȳsir mik,’ I feel a desire to go away [fūss].

G

gā wv. 1, w. gen. heed, care for.

gæfa wf. luck [gefa].

gæta wv. 1, watch, take care of [geta].

gaf see gefa.

gæfu-maðr sm. lucky man.

gaflak sn. javelin.

gamall adj. old.

gaman sn. amusement, joy.

ganga sv. 1, go, with gen. of goal in poetry; attack–‘g. ā skip,’ board a ship. g. af, be finished. g. til, come up. g. upp, land; board a ship; be used up, expended (of money).

garðr sm. enclosure, court; dwelling.

gat see geta.

gefa sv. 5, give.

gęgnum, ī gęgnum prp. w. gen. through.

gekk see ganga.

gęlti see gǫltr.

gęnginn, gęngr, gengu see ganga.

geta sv. 5, w. gen. mention, speak of; guess, suppose.

geysi adv. excessively.

gipta wf. luck [gefa].

giptu-maðr sm. lucky man.

gjafar see gjǫf.

gjǫf sf. gift.

glotta wv. 2, smile maliciously, grin.

glæsiligr adj. magnificent.

gnȳr sm. din, noise.

gōðr adj. good–‘gott er til eins,’ it is easy to get at, obtain.

gōlf sn. floor; apartment, room.

gott see gōðr.

gǫfugr adj. distinguished [gefa].

gǫltr sm. 3, boar.

gǫmul see gamall.

gǫ̈ra wv. 1c, do, make. gǫ̈rask, set about doing; be made into, become. gǫ̈ra at, accomplish, carry out.

gǫ̈rsimi wf. article of value, treasure.

granda wv. 3, w. dat. injure.

grār adj. gray.

gras sn. grass; plant, flower.

grāta sv. 1, weep, mourn for.

grātr sm. weeping.

greiða wv. 1, put in order, arrange.

greip see grīpa.

gres-jārn sn. iron wire (?).

grey sn. dog.

grið snpl. peace, security.

griða-staðr sm. sanctuary.

grind sf. 3, lattice door, wicket.

grīpa sv. 6, seize.

gripr sm. 2, article of value, treasure.

grjōt sn. stone (collectively).

grōa sv. 1, grow; heal.

grœr see grōa.

gruna wv. 3, impers.–‘mik grunar,’ I suspect, think.

grunr sm. 2, suspicion.

gull sn. gold.

gull-band sn. gold band.

gull-būinn adj. adorned with gold.

gull-hringr sm. gold ring.

gull-hyrndr adj. (ptc.) with gilt horns.

gull-roðinn adj. (ptc.) gilt.

gȳgr sf. giantess.

gyltr adj. (ptc.) gilt.

gyrða wv. 1, gird.

H

hæstr see hār.

hætta wv. 1, w. dat. desist from, stop.

hættligr adj. dangerous, threatening.

hættr adj. dangerous.

haf sn. sea.

hafa wv. 1, have; ‘h. einn nær einu,’ bring near to, expose to; use, utilize. at hafask, undertake. til hafa, have at hand.

hafna see hǫfn.

hafr sm. goat.

hafr-staka wf. goatskin.

hagliga adv. neatly.

hagr sm. condition; advantage–‘þēr mun h. ā vera,’ will avail thee, be profitable to you.

hag-stœðr adj. favourable.

halda sv. 1, w. dat. hold (also with prp. ā); keep. w. acc. observe, keep (laws, etc.). intr. take a certain direction, go.

hālfr adj. half.

hālfu adv. by half, half as much again.

hallar see hǫll.

hallar-gōlf sn. hall floor.

haltr adj. lame.

hamarr sm. hammer.

hamars-muðr sm. thin end of hammer.

hamar-skapt sn. handle of a hammer.

hamar-spor sn. mark made by a hammer.

hana see hann.

handar see hǫnd.

hand-skot sn. throwing with the hand.

hand-tękinn ptc. pret. taken by hand, taken alive.

hann prn. he.

hār sn. hair.

hār adj. high.

harð-hugaðr adj. stern of mood.

harðr adj. hard; strong.

harð-skeytr adj. strong-shooting [skjōta].

harmr sm. grief.

hāski wm. danger.

hā-sæti sn. high seat, dais [sitja].

hāsætis-kista sf. chest under the dais.

hātt adv. high; loudly.

haugr sm. mound.

hauss sm. skull.

heðan adv. hence.

hęfi see hafa.

hęfja sv. 2, raise, lift; begin.

hęfna wv. 1, w. gen. revenge, avenge.

heill adj. sound, safe, prosperous.

heil-rǣði sn. sound advice, good advice [rāð].

heim adv. to one’s home, home (domum).

heima adv. at home (domi).

heima-maðr sm. man of the household.

heim-fūss adj. longing to go home, homesick.

heimr sm. home, dwelling; world.

heimta wv. 1, fetch, obtain, get back.

heita sv. 1, call; w. dat. of pers. and dat. of thing promise; intr. (pres. heiti) be named, called.

hęldr see halda.

hęldr adv. compar. more willingly, rather, sooner, more; rather, very.

hęl-grindr sf. the doors of hell.

hęllir sm. cave.

helt see halda.

hęl-vegr sm. road to hell.

hęlzt adv. superl. most willingly, soonest, especially, most [hęldr].

hęndi, hęndr see hǫnd.

hęnnar, hęnni see hann.

hępta wv. 1, bind; hinder, stop.

hēr adv. here–‘h. af,’ etc. here-of.

hęr-bergi sn. quarters, lodgings.

hęrða wv. harden, clench.

hęr-fang sn. booty.

hęrja wv. 3, make war, ravage [hęrr].

hęrr sm. army, fleet.

herra sm. lord.

hęr-skip sn. war-ship.

hestr sm. horse.

hēt see heita.

heyra wv. 1, hear.

himinn sm. heaven.

hingat adv. hither.

hinn prn. that.

hirð sf. court.

hirð-maðr sm. courtier.

hiti wm. heat.

hitta wv. come upon, find, meet; trans. go to. hittask, meet, intr.

hjā prp. w. dat. by, at; in comparison with.

hjālmr sm. helmet.

hjōn snpl. household.

hlaða sv. 2, load, heap up; ‘h. seglum,’ take in sails.

hlæja sv. 2, laugh.

hlaupa sv. 1, jump, leap; run.

hlaut see hljōta.

hleyp see hlaupa.

hleypa wv. 1, make to run (i.e. the horse), gallop.

hlīf sf. shield.

hlīfa wv. 1, w. dat. shelter, cover, protect.

hljōp see hlaupa.

hljōta sv. 7, get, receive.

hlōðu see hlaða.

hlōgu see hlæja.

hlunnr sm. roller (for launching ships).

hluti wm. portion [hljōta].

hlutr sm. 2, share; portion, part, piece; thing [hljōta].

hlut-skipti sn. booty.

hnakki wm. back of head.

hōf see hęfja.

hollr adj. gracious, faithful.

hōlmr sm. small island.

hon see hann.

honum see hann.

horn sn. horn.

hœgri adj. compar. right (hand).

hœla wv. 1, w. dat. praise, boast of.

hǫfðingi wm. chief [hǫfuð].

hǫfða-fjǫl sf. head-board (especially of a bedstead).

hǫfðu see hafa.

hǫfn sf. harbour.

hǫfuð sn. head.

hǫgg sn. stroke.

hǫgg-ormr sm. viper.

hǫgg-orrosta wf. ‘cutting-fight,’ hand-to-hand fight.

hǫggva sv. 1, hew, cut, strike.

hǫll sf. hall.

hǫnd sf. 3, hand; side–‘hvārra-tvęggju handar,’ on both sides, for both parties.

hræddr adj. frightened, afraid [ptc. of hræðask].

hræðask wv. 1, be frightened, fear.

hræzla wf. fear [hræðask].

hrafn sm. raven.

hratt see hrinda.

hrauð see hrjōða.

hraut see hrjōta.

hreyfa wv. 1, move.

hrīð sf. period of time.

hrīm-þurs sm. frost giant.

hrinda sv. 3, push, launch (ship).

hrista wv. 1, shake.

hrjōða sv. 7, strip, clear, disable.

hrjōta sv. 7, start, burst out.

hrǫkk see hrökkva.

hrökkva sv. 3, start back.

hryði see hrjōta.

hrynja wv. 1b. fall down.

hrȳtr see hrjōta.

hugða see hyggja.

hugi wm. thought.

hugr sm. mind, heart; courage, spirit.

hugsa wv. 3, consider, think.

hundrað sn. hundred.

hurð sf. 2, door.

hūs sn. room; house.

hvar adv. where; that.

hvārr prn. which of two; each of the two, both.

hvārr-tvęggja prn. each of the two, both.

hvārt adv. whether, both in direct and indirect questions.

hvārt-tvęggja adv. ‘hv…ok,’ both…and.

hvass adj. sharp.

hvat prn. neut. what.

hvart adj. brisk, bold.

hvē adv. how.

hverfa sv. 3, turn, go.

hvęr-gi adv. nowhere–‘hv. jarðar,’ nowhere on earth; in no respect, by no means.

hvęrnig adv. how [= hvęrn veg.].

hvęrr prn. who.

hvęrsu adv. how.

hvī adv. why.

hvirfill sm. crown of head.

hvītna wv. 2, whiten.

hvītr adj. white.

hyggja wv. 1b. think, mean, determine [hugr].

hylli wf. favour [hollr].

I

ī prp. in.

ī-huga wv. 3, try to remember, consider [hugr].

illa adv. ill, badly.

illr adj. ill, bad.

inn art. the.

inn adv. in compar. innar, further in.

inna wv. 1, accomplish.

innan adv. within, inside. fyrir innan prp. w. gen. within, in.

inni adv. in.

it see þū.

it see inn.

ī-þrōtt sf. feat.

J

jafn-breiðr adj. equally broad.

jafn-hǫfugr adj. equally heavy [hęfja].

jafn-mikill adj. equally great.

jafn-skjōtt adv. equally quick.

jafna wv. 3, smooth; compare w. dat. of thing compared.

jafnan adv. always.

jarl sm. earl.

jārn sn. iron.

jārn-glōfi sm. iron gauntlet.

jārn-spǫng sf. iron plate.

jāta wv. 1, w. dat. agree to.

jōk see auka.

jǫrð sf. earth.

jǫtun-heimar smpl. home, world of the giants.

jǫtunn, sm. giant.

K

kær-leikr sm. love, affection [kærr, ‘dear’].

kaf sn. diving; deep water, water under the surface.

kafa wv. 3, dive.

kalla wv. 3, cry out, call; assert, maintain; name, call.

kann see kunna.

kapp sn. competition.

karl sm. man; old man.

kasta wv. 3, cast, throw.

kaupa wv. 2, buy.

kęngr sm. bend.

kęnna wv. 1, know; perceive.

kęrling sf. old woman [karl].

kęrra wf. chariot.

kętill sm. kettle.

keypta see kaupa.

keyra wv. 1, drive.

kirkja wf. church.

kirkju-skot sn. wing of a church.

kjōsa sv. 7, choose.

klakk-laust adv. uninjured.

klæða wv. 1, clothe.

klæða-būnaðr sm. apparel.

klæði snpl. clothes.

knē sn. knee.

knīfr sm. knife.

knǫrr sm. merchant-ship.

knūði see knȳja.

knūi wm. knuckle.

knūtr sm. knot.

knȳja wv. 1b, press with knuckles or knees; exert oneself [knūi].

kōlf-skot sn. (distance of a) bolt-shot.

kollōttr adj. bald.

koma sv. 4. come; happen, turn out; w. dat. bring into a certain condition. k. fyrir, be paid in atonement. komask, make one’s way (by dint of exertion).

kona wf. woman; wife.

konr sm. kind–‘alls konar,’ all kinds; ‘nakkvars konar,’ of some kind.

konunga-stęfna wf. congress of kings.

konungr sm. king.

konungs-dōttir sf. king’s daughter.

konungs-skip sn. king’s ship.

kosinn see kjōsa.

kost-gripr sm. precious thing, treasure.

kostr sm. 2, choice–‘at ǫðru kosti,’ otherwise; power [kjōsa].

kǫgur-sveinn sm. little boy, urchin.

kǫpp see kapp.

kǫpur-yrði sn. boasting [orð].

kǫttr sm. 3, cat.

köm see koma.

krappa-rūm sn. back cabin.

krappr adj. narrow.

kraptr sm. strength.

krās sf. 2, delicacy.

kręfja wv. 1b, w. acc. of pers. and gen. of thing, demand.

kunna swv. know; feel; venture; like to.

kunnandi wf. knowledge, accomplishments.

kunnusta wf. knowledge, power.

kunnr adj. known.

kurr sm. murmur, rumour.

kvæði sn. poem.

kvæma see koma.

kvān sf. wife.

kveða sv. 5, say. kv. ā settle, agree on.

kvęðja wf. salutation [kveða].

kvęðja wv. 1b, greet.

kveld sn. evening–‘ī kv.,’ this evening.

kveld-sǫngr sm. vespers.

kvenn-vāðir sfpl. woman’s clothes.

kviðr sm. 3, stomach, belly.

kvisa wv. 3, whisper.

kvistr sm. 3, branch, twig.

kvǫddu see kvęðja.

kykr (-vir) adj. living.

kykvendi sn. living creature, animal.

kȳll sm. bag.

kyn sn. race, lineage.

kȳr sf. 3, cow.

kyssa wv. 1, kiss.

L

lā see liggja.

lægri see lāgr.

lær-lęggr sm. thigh-bone.

læt see lāta.

lagða see lęggja.

lāgr adj. low; short of stature [liggja].

lags-maðr sm. companion.

lagu see liggja.

lamða, lamit see lęmja.

land sn. land, country.

land-skjālfti wm. earthquake.

langr adj. long, far.

lāt snpl. noise.

lāta sv. 1, let go; leave; lose; allow; cause, let; behave, act; say.

lauf sn. foliage.

laufs-blað sn. (blade of foliage), leaf.

laug sf. bath.

laun snpl. reward.

launa wv. 3, reward, requite w. dat. of the thing given and of the pers., and acc. of the thing requited.

lauss adj. loose; shaky, unsteady; free from obligation.

laust see ljōsta.

laut see lūta.

lax sm. salmon.

leðr-hosa wf. leather bag.

lęggja wv. 1b, lay, put; ‘l. eitt fyrir einn,’ give, settle on; ‘l. sik fram,’ exert oneself; intr. w. skip understood sail, row–l. at, land; attack; l. frā, retreat, draw off; pierce, make a thrust. lęggjask, set out, proceed; swim [liggja].

leið sf. way–‘koma einu til leiðar,’ carry out [līða].

leið see līða.

leiða wv. 1, lead, conduct [līða].

leiðangr (-rs) sm. levy [leið].

leiga wv. 1, borrow.

leikr sm. game; athletic sports, contest.

leita wv. 3, w. gen. and dat. seek; take to, have recourse to. leitask, feel one’s way [līta].

lęmja wv. 1b, break.

lęngð sf. length [langr].

lęngi adv. long (of time) [langr].

lęngstr see langr.

lēt see lāta.

lętja wv. 1b, w. acc. of pers. and gen. of thing, hinder, dissuade.

lētta wv. 1, w. dat. lift.

leyniliga adv. secretly.

leysa wv. 1, loosen, untie, open [lauss].

lið sn. troop.

līða sv. 6, go; pass (of time); impers. līðr, w. dat. fare, get on. impers. ‘līðr ā (nāttina),’ (the night) is drawing to a close.

līf sn. life–‘ā līfi,’ alive.

lifa wv. 2, live.

liggja sv. 5, lie. l. til, be fitting.

līk sn. body; corpse.

līka wv. 3, w. dat. please.

līki sn. form [līk].

līking sf. likeness, similarity [līkr].

līknsamr adj. gracious.

līkr adj. like.

līn sn. linen; linen headdress.

list sf. art.

līta sv. 6, look at; regard, consider–‘l. til eins.’ turn to, acknowledge greeting. lītask impers. w. dat. seem.

litask wv. 3, look round one [līta].

lītill adj. little, small–‘lītit veðr,’ not very windy weather. lītlu adv. by a little, a little.

lītil-ræði sm. degradation [rāð].

litr sm. 3, colour, complexion; appearance [līta].

līzk see līta.

ljā wv. 1, w. gen. and dat. lend.

ljōsta sv. 7, strike, w. dat. of instr. and acc. of the thing struck–‘l. ārum ī sæ,’ dip the oars into the sea, begin to row.

lofa wv. 3, praise.

lōga wv. 3, w. dat. part with.

logi wm. flame.

lokinn see lūka.

lopt sn. air–‘ā l.,’ up.

lūka sv. 7, lock, close; impers. ‘lȳkr einu,’ it is finished, exhausted. ‘l. upp,’ unlock, open.

lukla see lykill.

lustu see ljōsta.

lūta sv. 7, bend, bow.

lygi wf. lie, falsehood.

lykð sf. ending–‘at lykðum,’ finally.

lykill sm. key [lūka].

lypta wv. 1, w. dat. lift [lopt].

lypting sf. raised place (castle) on the poop of a warship [lypta].

lȳsa wv. 1, shine.

lȳsi-gull sn. bright gold.

lȳst see ljōsta.

lysta wv. 1, impers. w. acc. desire.

M

mā see mega.

maðr sm. 4, man.

mæla (mælta) wv. 1, speak–‘m. við einu,’ refuse; suggest.

mær sf. virgin, maid.

mætta see mega.

magr (-ran) adj. thin.

māgr sm. kinsman, relation, connection.

makligr adj. fitting.

māl sn. narrative; in plur. poem; proper time, time.

mālmr sm. metal.

mann see maðr.

mann-fōlk sn. troops, crew.

mann-hringr sm. ring of men.

mannliga adv. manlily.

margr adj. many, much.

mark sn. mark; importance.

marka wv. 3, infer.

marr sm. horse.

mart see margr.

matask wv. 3, eat a meal.

matr sm. 2, food.

mātta see mega.

māttr sm. 2, might, strength.

með prp. w. acc. and dat. with.

meðal s. middle–ā m. w. gen. between.

meðan adv. whilst.

mega swv. can, may.

megin –‘ǫðrum m.,’ on the other side; ‘ǫllum m.,’ on all sides [corruption of vegum].

męgin-gjarðar sfpl. girdle of strength [mega].

meiðmar sfpl. treasures.

meiri see mikill.

męn sn. necklace, piece of jewelry.

męnn see maðr.

mēr see ek.

męrgr sm. 2, marrow.

męrki sn. mark; banner [mark].

mest see mikill.

meta sv. 5, measure; estimate.

mey see mær.

mið-garðr sm. (middle enclosure), world.

miðgarðs-ormr sm. world-serpent.

miðr adj. middle.

mik see ek.

mikill adj. big, tall, great. mikit adv. much, very.

miklu adv. (instr.) much.

milli, ā milli prp. between, among.

minjar sfpl. remembrance, memorial.

minn see ek.

minni see lītill.

minnr adv. less.

mis-līka wv. 3, w. dat. displease, not please.

missa wf. loss, want.

missa wv. 1, w. gen. lose; do without.

mistil-teinn sm. mistletoe [teinn, ‘twig’].

mitt see ek.

mjǫðr sm. 3, mead.

mjǫk adv. very.

mōðir sf. 3, mother.

mōðr sm. anger.

mœtask wv. 1, meet intr. [mōt].

mǫn sf. mane.

morginn sm. morning.

mǫrk sf. 3, forest.

mǫrum see marr.

mōt sn. meeting. ī mōti prp. w. dat. against.

mǫtu-neyti sn. community of food–‘lęggja m. sitt,’ make their provision into a common store [matr; njōta].

mundu see munu.

munnr sm. mouth.

munr sm. difference–‘þeim mun,’ to that extent.

munu swv. will, may (of futurity and probability).

myndi see munu.

myrkr sn. darkness.

myrkr adj. dark.

N

nā wv. 1, reach, obtain; succeed in.

nǣr adv. w. dat. near; nearly. superl. næst–‘þvī n.,’ thereupon.

nǣtr see nātt.

nafn sn. name.

nakkvarr prn. some, a certain. nakkvat adv. somewhat; perhaps.

nātt sf. 3, night.

nātt-bōl sn. night-quarters.

nātt-langt adv. the whole night long.

nātt-staðr sm. night-quarters.

nāttūra wf. nature, peculiarity.

nātt-verðr sm. 2, supper.

nauð-syn sf. necessity.

naut see njōta.

neðan adv. below. fyrir n. prp. w. dat. below.

nęfja adj. long-nosed (?).

nęfna wv. 1, name, call. nęfnask, name oneself, give one’s name as [nafn].

nema sv. 4, take; begin.

nema adv. except, unless.

nest sn. provisions.

nest-baggi sm. provision-bag.

niðr adv. down, downwards.

nīundi adj. ninth.

njōsn sf. spying; news.

njōsna wv. 3, spy; get intelligence.

njōta sv. 7, enjoy, profit.

norðr adv. northwards.

nǫkkvi wm. vessel, small ship.

nū adv. now; therefore, so.

nȳ-vaknaðr adj. (ptc.) newly awoke.

nȳr adj. new.

nȳta wv. 1, profit [njōta].

O

oddr sm. point.

ōð-fūss adj. madly eager.

ōðr adj. mad, furious.

œ̄pa wv. 1, shout [ōp, ‘shout’].

œrit adv. enough; very.

of prp. w. dat. over; during; with respect to, about. adv. too (of excess).

of adv., often used in poetry as a mere expletive.

of-veikr adj. too weak.

ofan adv. above; down.

ofan-verðr adj. upper, on the top.

ōk see aka.

ok conj. and; also–‘ok…ok,’ both…and; but.

okkr see þū.

opt adv. often. compar. optar, oftener, again.

ōr prp. w. dat. out of.

orð sn. word–‘ī ǫðru orði,’ otherwise.

orðinn see verða.

orð-sęnding sf. verbal message.

orð-tak sn. expression, word.

ormr sm. serpent, dragon; ship with a dragon’s head.

orrosta wf. battle.

oss see ek.

ōtta wf. the end of night, just before dawn.

ōttalaust adj. without fear.

ōx see vaxa.

oxi wm. ox.

ǫðlask wv. 3, obtain.

ǫðru see annarr.

ǫl sn. ale.

ǫldnu see aldinn.

ǫndōttr adj. fierce.

ǫnd-vegi sn. high seat, dais.

ǫnnur see annar.

ǫr sf. arrow.

ör-æfi sn. harbourless coast.

örendi sn. errand.

örendi sn. holding the breath, breath.

örind-reki sm. messenger [reka].

öxn see oxi.

P

pati sm. rumour.

pęnningr sm. penny.

R

rāð sn. advice; what is advisable–‘sjā eitt at rāði,’ consider advisable; plan, policy, resolution.

rāða sv. 1, advise, w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers.; consider, deliberate; undertake, begin w. prp. til or infin.; dispose of, have control over w. prp. fyrir.

rāða-gǫ̈rð sf. deliberation, decision.

rāðugr adj. sagacious.

ragna-rökr sn. twilight of the gods, end of the world. [ragna gen. of ręgin neut. plur. ‘gods.’]

ragr adj. cowardly.

rāku see reka.

rann see ręnna.

rās sf. race.

rauðr adj. red.

rausn sf. magnificence, anything magnificent.

rēð see rāða.

reið sf. chariot.

reið see rīða.

reiða wv. 1, swing, wield, brandish.

reið-fara adj. –‘vera vel r.,’ have a good passage.

reiði sn. trappings, harness.

reiðr adj. angry.

reka sv. 7, drive; carry out; perform. ‘r. af tjǫld,’ take down awning.

rękkja wf. bed.

ręnna sv. 3, run.

rētta wv. 1, direct; reach, stretch. r. upp, pull up.

rēttr adj. right, correct; equitable, fair.

reyna wv. 1, try, test.

reyr-bǫnd supl. the wire with which the arrow-head was bound to the shaft.

rīða sv. 6, w. dat. ride.

riðu see rīða.

riðlask wv. 3, set oneself in motion.

rīki sn. power; sovereignty, reign.

rīkr adj. powerful, distinguished.

ripti sn. linen cloth.

rita wv. 3, write.

rōa sv. 1, row.

rœða wv. 1, talk about, discuss.

röra see rōa.

rǫst sf. league.

S

sā prn. that; he; such, such a one.

sā see sjā.

sær sm. sea.

særa wv. 1, wound [sār].

sæti sn. seat [sitja].

sætt sf. 2, reconciliation, peace.

sættask wv. 1, be reconciled, agree.

saga wf. narrative, history, story.

sagða see sęgja.

saka wv. impers. w. acc.–‘hann (acc.) sakaði ekki,’ he was not injured.

sakna wv. 3, w. gen. miss.

sāl sf. 2, soul.

sāld sn. gallon.

salr sm. 2, hall.

saman adv. together.

sami weak adj. same.

sam-laga wf. laying ships together for battle.

samt adv. together.

sannligr adj. probable; suitable, right.

sannr adj. true.

sār sn. wound.

sārr adj. wounded.

sat see sitja.

satt see sannr.

sē see vera.

sē see sjā.

sefask wv. 3, be pacified.

sęgja wv. 1b, say, relate [saga].

segl sn. sail.

seilask wv. 1, stretch intr.

seinn adj. late, slow, tedious. seint adv. slowly.

sęlja wv. 1, give; sell.

sem adv. as; w. subj. as if; to strengthen the superl.–‘sem mest,’ the most possible, as much as possible.

sęnda wv. 1, send.

sęndi-maðr sm. messenger.

sęnn adv. at the same time, at once; immediately, forthwith.

sēnn see sjā.

sēr see sik.

sēr see sjā.

sēt see sjā.

set-berg sn. seat-shaped rock, crag [sitja].

sętja wv. 1, set, place. s. fram, launch (a ship). sętjask, sit down. sętjask upp, sit up [sitja].

sī-byrða wv. 1, w. dat. lay a ship alongside another. neut. ptc. sībyrt, close up to [borð].

sīð adv. late. comp. sīðar, later, afterwards. superl. sīðast, latest, last.

sīða wf. side.

sīðan adv. afterwards, then; since.

sīðari adj. comp. later, second (in order).

siðr sm. 3, custom.

sīga sv. 6, sink.

sigla wf. mast [segl].

sigla wv. 1, sail.

siglu-skeið sn. middle of a ship.

sigr (-rs) sm. victory.

sigr-ōp shout of victory.

sik prn. oneself.

silfr sn. silver.

sīn see sik.

sinn sn. time (of repetition)–‘einu sinni,’ once, for once. ‘eigi optar at sinni,’ not oftener than that time, i.e. only once.

sinn see sik.

sitja sv. 5, sit. s. fyrir, sit in readiness.

sjā = þessi.

sjā sv. 5, see; ‘s. fyrir einu,’ look after, take care of. impers. ‘lītt sēr þat ā, at’…it will hardly be seen that… sjāsk, see one another, meet.

sjālfr prn. self.

sjōða sv. 7, boil; cook.

sjōn sf. sight.

sjōn-hvęrfing sf. ocular delusion.

skal see skulu.

skalf see skjālfa.

skāli wm. hall.

skammr adj. short.

skap sn. state, condition; state of mind, mood, humour.

skapligr adj. suitable, fit.

skapt sn. shaft, handle.

skar see skera.

skarð sn. notch, gap; defect.

skaut see skjōta.

skęgg sn. beard; beak (of a ship).

skeið sn. race-course, running-ground; race–‘taka sk.,’ start in a race.

skeina wv. 1, graze.

skellr sm. knock.

skęmtun sf. amusement, entertainment [skammr, literally ‘shortening (of time)’].

skera sv. cut, cut up; kill (animal).

skiljask wv. 1, separate, part intr.

skillingr sm. shilling, coin.

skilnaðr sm. separation, parting.

skip sn. ship.

skipa wv. 3, order, arrange, prepare, fit out. ‘sk. til um eitt,’ make arrangements for. skipask, take one’s place; change, alter intr.

skipa-hęrr sm. fleet.

skipan sf. arranging; ship’s crew.

skips-brot sn. shipwreck.

skip-stjōrnar-maðr sm. (steerer), commander of a ship, captain.

skjald-borg sf. wall of shields, testudo.

skjālfa sv. 3, shake intr.

skjōta sv. 7, w. dat. shoot, throw, push.

skjōt-fœri sn. swiftness.

skjōt-leikr sm. swiftness.

skjōt-liga adv. swiftly, quick.

skjōtr adj. swift, quick. skjōtt adv. quickly.

skjǫldr sm. 3, shield.

skōgr sm. forest, wood.

skorta wv. 1, impers. w. acc. of pers. and of thing, want, fail.

skot sn. shot; missile [skjōta].

skot-māl sn. shot-measure, range.

skotta wv. 3, dangle–sk. við drift (of ships).

skǫkull sm. shaft (of a cart).

skǫmm sf. disgrace, shame.

skǫr sf. hair of the head.

skreppa wf. bag, wallet.

skulfu see skjālfa.

skulu swv. shall.

skuta wf. small ship, cutter.

skutill sm. trencher, small table.

skutil-sveinn sm. page, chamberlain.

skutu see skjōta.

skykkr sm. shake–‘ganga skykkjum,’ shake.

skylda see skulu.

skyldr adj. obliged, obligatory, bound [skulu].

skyn sn. understanding, insight–‘kunna, sk.’ understand.

skynda wv. 1, hasten, bring in haste.

skyndiliga adv. hastily, quickly.

skynsamliga adv. intelligently, carefully.

skȳt see skjōta.

slā sv. 2, strike. ‘slā eldi ī,’ light a fire.

slæliga adv. sluggishly, weakly.

slær adj. blunt.

slær see slā.

slātr sn. meat.

sleikja wv. lick.

sleit see slīta.

slēttr adj. level, smooth; comfortable, easy.

slīkr adj. such.

slīta sv. 6, tear–sl. upp, pull up; w. dat. break (agreement).

smæri see smār.

smār adj. small, insignificant.

smā-skip snpl. small ships.

smā-skūta wf. small cutter.

smjūga sv. 7, squeeze through, slip.

smugu see smjūga.

snarpligr adj. vigorous.

snarpr adj. sharp; vigorous.

snimma adv. early.

snöra see snūa.

snūa sv. 1, w. dat. turn or (trans.) direct; twist, plait. snūask, turn (intr.).

soðinn see sjōða.

sœkja wv. 1c, seek; go–‘s. aptr,’ retreat.

sœmð sf. honour [sōma].

sœtti see sœkja.

sofa sv. 4, sleep.

sofna wv. 3, go to sleep.

sǫgur see saga.

sǫk sf. cause–‘fyrir þā s. at’…, because.

sökkva sv. 3, sink.

sōl sf. sun.

sōl-skin sn. sunshine.

soltinn adj. hungry [ptc. of ‘svelta,’ starve].

sōma wv. 2, w. dat., be suitable, befitting.

sōmi wm. honour.

sonr sm. son.

sōtt sf. illness.

sōtta see sœkja.

sǫx snpl. raised prow of a war-ship.

spala see spǫlr.

sparask wv. 2, spare oneself, reserve one’s energy.

spęnna (spęnta) wv. 1, w. dat. of thing, gird, buckle on.

spjōt sn. spear.

sporðr sm. tail.

spori sm. spur.

spǫlr sm. rail.

sprakk see springa.

sprętta wv. 1, split.

springa sv. 3, burst.

spurða see spyrja.

spyrja wv. 1b, ask; hear of, learn–‘sp. til eins,’ have news of, hear of his arrival. spyrjask, be known.

spyrna wv. 1, kick.

staddr adj. placed, staying [ptc. of ‘stęðja,’ place].

staðr sm. place–‘ī staðinn,’ instead.

stafaðr adj. (ptc.) striped.

staf-karl sm. (staff-man), beggar.

stafn sm. prow.

stafn-būi wm. prow-man.

stafn-lē wm. grappling-hook.

stafr sm. 2 (gen. sg. stafs), staff, stick.

stakk see stinga.

stallari sm. marshall.

standa sv. 2, stand. st. upp, stand up, rise.

starfa wv. 3, work.

stęfna wv. 1, steer; take a course, go.

steig see stīga.

steinn sm. stone; jewel.

stela sv. 4, w. dat. of thing and acc. of pers. steal, rob.

stęndr see standa.

stęrkliga adv. vigorously.

stęrkr adj. strong.

steypa wv. 1, w. dat. of thing, throw; pull off. steypask, throw oneself.

stīga sv. 6, advance, walk, go. st. upp, mount (horse).

stīgr sm. path, way.

stikill sm. point.

stilla (stilta) wv. 1, arrange. st. til, arrange, dispose.

stinga sv. 3, pierce; ‘st. stǫfnum at skipi,’ run the prow against a ship’s side.

stirt adv. harshly [neut. of ‘stirðr,’ stiff].

stōð see standa.

stœrri see stōr.

stōkkva sv. 3, spring, rebound, start back.

stolinn see stela.

stōrliga adv. bigly, arrogantly.

stōr-mannligr adj. magnificent, aristocratic.

stōr-męnni sn. great men (collective), aristocracy.

stōrr adj. big, great. stōrum adv. greatly.

stōr-rāðr adj. (great of plans), ambitious.

stōr-skip sn. big ship.

stōr-virki sn. great deed.

strā wv. 1, strew, cover with straw.

strauk see strjūka.

stręngr sm. 2, string.

strjūka sv. 7, stroke.

stund sf. period of time, time.

stutt adv. shortly, abruptly [neut. of ‘stuttr’ short].

stȳra wv. 1, w. dat. steer.

stȳri sn. rudder.

stȳris-hnakki wm. top piece of rudder.

styrkr sm. strength; help.

sū see sā.

suðr adv. southward.

suðr-ganga wf. journey south (to Rome).

sukku see sökkva.

sumar sn. summer.

sumr prn. some.

sund sn. sound, channel.

svā adv. so, as; as soon as. ‘ok svā,’ also.

svaf see sofa.

svara wv. 3, w. dat. of thing, answer.

svardagi sm. oath.

sveinn sm. boy.

sveinn-stauli wm. small boy.

sveit sf. troop.

svelga sv. 3, swallow, gulp.

sverð sn. sword.

sverðs-hǫgg sn. swordstroke.

svipan sf. jerk; moment.

svipting sf. pull, struggle.

sȳnask wv. 1, seem [sjōn].

syni see sonr.

systir sf. 3, sister.

T

taka wv. 2, w. acc. take, seize, take possession of; w. inf. begin; w. dat. receive (well, ill, etc.). takask, take place, begin. t. at, choose. t. til, engage in, try. t. upp, take to, choose.

tala wf. talk, speech.

tala wv. 3, speak, talk about, discuss.

taliðr see tęlja.

tālma wv. 3, hinder.

tār sn. tear.

taumar smpl. reins.

tękinn see taka.

tęlja wv. 1b, count, recount; account, consider; relate, say [tala].

tęngðir sfpl. relationship, connection by marriage.

tęngja wv. 1, bind, fasten together.

tęngsl snpl. cable.

tīða wv. 1, impers. w. acc. desire.

tīðindi snpl. tidings, news.

tīðr adj. usual, happening–‘hvat er tītt um þik?’ what is the matter with you? tītt adv. often, quickly–‘sem tīðast,’ as quickly as possible.

tiginn adj. of high rank.

tigr sm. –‘fjōrir tigir,’ forty.

til prp. w. gen. to; till; for (of use)–‘alt er t. vāpna var,’ everything that could be used as a missile; for (of object, intention)–‘brjōta lęgg til męrgjar,’ break a leg to get at the marrow; with respect to–’til vista var eigi gott,’ they were not well off for provisions.

til adv. too (of excess).

til-vīsan sf. direction, guidance.

tītt see tīðr.

tīvi wm. god.

tjald sn. tent.

tjūgu-skęgg sn. forked beard.

tœka see taka.

tōk see taka.

tǫnn sf. 3, tooth.

trani wm. crane.

trē sn. tree.

troða sv. tread.

trog sn. trough.

tros sn. droppings, rubbish.

trūa wf. faith–‘þat veit tr. mīn at…,’ by my faith.

trūa wv. 2, w. dat. of pers. believe, trust, rely on.

tūn sn. enclosure, dwelling.

tveir num. two.

tȳna wv. 1, w. dat. lose.

typpa wv. tie in a top-knot.

Þ(TH)

þā see sā.

þā see þiggja.

þā adv. then.

þær see sā.

þakðr see þękja.

þakka wv. 3, w. acc. of thing and dat. of pers. thank; requite, reward.

þambar-skęlfir sm. bowstring-shaker (?).

þann see sā.

þannig adv. thither; so [= þann veg].

þar adv. there; then; ‘þ. af,’ etc., thereof. ‘þar sem,’ since, because. ‘þar til,’ until.

þarf see þurfa.

þat see sā.

þau see sā.

þegar adv. at once. ‘þ. er,’ as soon as.

þęginn see þiggja.

þęgja wv. 1b, be silent.

þeim see sā.

þeir, þeirra see sā.

þękja wv. 1b, roof.

þękkja wv. 1, notice. þękkjask, take pleasure in; accept.

þēr see þū.

þess see sā.

þess adv. w. comp. the, so much the.

þessi prn. this.

þiggja sv. 5, receive.

þik see þū.

þing sn. meeting, parliament.

þinn see þū.

þit see þū.

þjōð sf. nation, race.

þō adv. though, yet.

þǫkð see þękja.

þǫkk sf. thanks, gratitude [þakka].

þola wv. 2, endure, put up with.

þora wv. 2, dare.

þǫrf sf. need.

þorrinn see þverra.

þōtt adv. though [= þō at].

þōtta see þykkja.

þraut see þrjōta.

þreifask wv. 3, grope, feel.

þreyta wv. 1, make exertions, try.

þriði adj. third.

þriðjungr sm. third.

þrīr num. three.

þrjōta sv. 7, impers. w. acc. of pers. come to an end, fail.

þrūðugr adj. mighty.

þū prn. thou.

þumlungr sm. thumb of glove.

þunn-vangi wm. temple (of head).

þurðr sm. diminution.

þurfa swv. often impers. require, need.

þurr adj. dry.

þurs sm. giant.

þverra sv. 3, diminish.

þvers adv. across.

þvī see sā.

þvī adv. therefore; w. compar. the, so much the more.

þvīlikr adj. such.

þykkja wv. 1c, seen, be considered. ‘þykkir einum fyrir,’ there seems to be something in the way, one hesitates. ‘myndi mēr fyrir þ. ī,’ I should be displeased. þykkjask, think.

þykkr adj. thick, close.

þynna wv. 1, make thin. þynnask get thin.

þyrstr adj. (ptc.) thirsty.

U

ū-fœra wf. impassable place; fix, difficulty.

ū-friðr sm. hostility, war.

ū-grynni sn. countless number [grunnr, ‘bottom’].

ū-happ sn. misfortune.

ū-hreinn adj. impure.

um prp. w. acc. around, about, over; of time in, at; of superiority beyond; concerning, about.

um-rāð sn. advice, help.

um-sjā sf. care.

una wv. 1, w. dat. be contented–‘u. illa,’ be discontented.

undan prp. w. dat., adv. away (from).

undarliga adv. strangely.

undarligr adj. strange.

undir prp. w. acc. and dat. under.

undr sn. wonder.

ungr adj. young.

unninn see vinna.

unz adv. until.

upp adv. up.

upp-ganga wf. boarding (ship).

upp-haf sn. beginning [hęfja].

upp-himinn sm. high heaven.

uppi adv. up; at an end.

urðu see verða.

ūt adv. out. comp. utar, outer, outwards, farther away.

utan adv. outside; outwards.

utan-fęrð sf. journey abroad.

utar see ūt.

ūti adv. outside, out on the sea.

ūt-lausn sf. ransom.

ū-vinr sm. enemy.

V

vægð sf. forbearance.

vænn adj. likely, to be expected.

væri see vera.

vætr neut. nothing.

vaka wv. 3, be awake, wake up.

vakna wv. 3, awake.

vald sn. power, control.

val-kyrja sf. chooser of the slain, war-goddess [kjōsa].

valr sm. corpses on the battle-field.

vān, sf. hope, expectation, probability.

vandræða-skāld sn. the ‘awkward’ poet, the poet who is difficult to deal with.

vandræði snpl. difficulty.

vangi wm. cheek.

vanr adj. accustomed.

vāpn sn. weapon.

vāpna-burð sm. bearing weapons, shower of missiles.

vāpn-lauss adj. without weapons.

var see vera.

vār sn. spring.

vār see ek.

vara wv. 2, impers. w. acc. of pers.–‘mik varði,’ I expected.

varð see verða.

varði see vęrja.

vargr sm. wolf.

variðr see vęrja.

varla adv. scarcely.

varnaðr sm. goods, merchandise.

vāru see vera.

vatn sn. water.

vaxa sv. 2, grow; increase.

veðr sn. weather.

vegr sm. road; way, manner; direction, side; in composition, region, tract, land.

veik see vikja.

veit see vita.

veita wv. 1, give, grant; make (resistance, etc.).

vękja wv. 1b, wake [vaka].

vēl sf. artifice, cunning.

vęlja wv. 1b, choose.

vęndi see vǫndr.

vēr see ek.

vera sv. exist; remain, stay, happen; be. ‘hvat lātum hafði verit,’ what had caused the noise. v. at, be occupied with.

verð sn. worth, value; price.

verða sv. 3, happen; happen to come. ‘v. fyrir einum,’ come in one’s way, appear before one; become; come into being, be; ‘v. til eins,’ be ready for, undertake; w. infin. be obliged, must. ‘nū er ā orðit mikit fyrir mēr,’ now I have come into a great perplexity, difficulty. v. at, happen.

verðr adj. worth; important.

ver-gjarn adj. desirous of a husband, loose.

verit see vera.

vert see verðr.

vęrja wv. 1b, defend–‘v. baki,’ defend with the back, turn one’s back on.

vęrja wv. 1b, dress; lay out money, invest.

verk sn. work, job.

verr sm. man; husband.

vęrr adv. comp. worse. superl. vęrst, worst.

verǫld sf. world.

vestan adv. from the west. ‘v. fyrir’ w. gen. or acc., west of.

vestr adv. westwards.

vetr sm. winter; year.

vęx see vaxa.

vęxti see vǫxtr.

við prp. w. acc. by, near; towards (of place and time); with (of various relations). w. dat. towards, at (laugh at, etc.); in exchange for, for.

vīða adv. widely, far and wide, on many sides.

viðar-teinungr sm. tree-shoot, plant.

við-bragð sn. push.

viðr sm. 3, tree.

vīðr adj. wide, broad.

við-skipti snpl. dealings.

við-taka wf. reception; resistance.

vīgja wv. 1, consecrate, hallow.

vīgr adj. warlike, able-bodied.

vīking sf. piracy, piratical expedition.

vīkingr sm. pirate.

vīkja sv. 6, turn, move, go.

vilja swv. will.

villi-eldr sm. wildfire, conflagration.

vinātta wf. friendship.

vināttu-māl snpl. assurances of friendship.

vinna sv. 3, do, perform; win, conquer. vinnask til, suffice.

vinr sm. 2, friend.

virðing sf. honour [verðr].

vīsa wv. 2, w. dat. show, guide.

vīss adj. wise; certain.

vissa see vita.

vist sf. 2, board and lodging; provisions.

vit see ek.

vita swv. know; be turned in a certain direction. v. fram, see into futurity.

vīti sn. punishment, penalty.

vītis-horn sn. penalty-horn (whose contents were drunk as a punishment).

vitkask wv. 3, come to one’s senses.

vitr (-ran) adj. wise.

vǫllr sm. 3, plain, field.

vǫndr sm. 3, twig, rod.

vǫrn sf. defence, resistance.

vǫxtr sm. 3, growth, stature.

vreiðr = reiðr.

Y

yðr see þū.

yfir prp. w. acc. and dat. over [ofan].

ȳmiss adj. various, different.

ymr sm. rumbling noise.

ytri adj. comp. outer. superl. yztr, outside(st) [ūt].

Proper Names

Āki sm.

Āsa-þōrr sm. (divine) Thor.

Āstrīðr sf.

Auðun sm.

Baldr (-rs) sm.

Barði wm. ‘the Ram’ (name of a ship).

Bil-skīrnir sm.

Brīsinga-męn sn. Freyja’s necklace.

Burizleifr sm.

Dāins-leif sf. relic of Dāinn [‘leif,’ leaving, heritage].

Dana-konungr sm. king of the Danes.

Danir smpl. the Danes.

Dan-mǫrk sf. 3, Denmark.

Draupnir sm.

Einarr sm.

Eindriði wm.

Eirīkr sm.

Erlingr sm.

Fęn-salr sm. 2.

Finnr sm.

Finskr adj. Finnish.

Freyja wf.

Freyr sm.

Frigg sf. wife of Odin.

Fulla wf. Frigg’s handmaid.

Geira wf.

Gimsar fpl.

Gjallar-brū sf. the bridge over the river Gjǫll.

Gjǫll sf. ‘the Resounder,’ the river of Hell.

Grœn-land sn. Greenland.

Gullin-bursti wm. ‘Golden-bristle.’

Gull-toppr sm. ‘Gold-top.’

Hā-ey sf. ‘High-island.’

Hākon sm.

Hall-freðr sm.

Haraldr sm.

Hēðinn sm.

Heim-dallr sm.

Hęl sf. the goddess of the infernal regions.

Hęr-mōðr sm.

Hildr sf. [‘hildr,’ war].

Hjaðninga-vīg sn. battle of the Hjaðnings.

Hjarrandi wm.

Hlōriði wm. the Thunderer, Thor.

Hǫgni wm.

Hring-horni wm. ‘Ring-prowed.’

Hyrningr sm.

Hyrrokin sf.

Hǫðr sm.

Īs-land sn. Iceland.

Īsland-fęrð sf. journey to Iceland.

Īslęnzkr adj. Icelandic.

Jōms-borg sf.

Jōms-vīkingar smpl. the pirates of Jōmsborg.

Kol-bjǫrn sm.

Laufey sf.

Litr sm.

Loki wm.

Mōð-guðr sf.

Mœri wf.

Nanna wf.

Nepr sm.

Njarðar see Njǫrðr.

Njǫrðr sm.

Nōa-tūn snpl.

Noregr sm. Norway [= norð-vegr].

Ǫku-þōrr sm. Thor (the driver) [aka].

Ōlāfr sm.

Ōðinn sm. Odin.

Orkn-eyjar sfpl. Orkneys.

Rōma-borg sf. Rome.

Rūm-fęrli wm. pilgrim to Rome [fara].

Rǫskva wf.

Sax-land sn. Saxony, Germany.

Sif sf.

Sigrīðr sf.

Sig-valdi wm.

Skjālgr sm.

Skrȳmir sm.

Sleipnir sm.

Slīðrug-tanni wm. [tǫnn].

Sœnskr adj. Swedish.

Sveinn sm.

Svīa-konungr sm. king of Sweden.

Svīar smpl. Swedes.

Svīa-vęldi sn. Sweden [vald].

Svī-þjōð sf. Sweden.

Svǫlðr (-rar) sf. island of Svolder, near Rügen.

Tann-gnjōstr sm. [tǫnn].

Tann-grisnir sm. [tǫnn].

Tryggvi wm. ‘Trusty.’

Þjālfi wm.

Þōrir sm.

Þor-kęll sm.

Þōrr sm. Thor.

Þor-steinn sm.

Þrūð-vangar smpl. ‘plains of strength.’

Þrymyr sm.

Þǫkk sf.

Ūlfr sm.

Ūtgarða-loki wm.

Ūt-garðr sm. Ūt-garðar pl. ‘outer enclosure,’ world of the giants.

Vanir smpl. race of Gods.

Vār sf. goddess of betrothal and marriage.

Vest-firzkr adj. of the west firths (in Iceland).

Vīk sf. ‘the Bay,’ the Skagerak and the Christiania fjord.

Vinda-snękkja wf. Wendish ship.

Vind-land sn. Wendland.

Vindr smpl. the Wends.

Ving-þōrr sm. name of Thor.

***THE END***